BALBOA PARK HISTORY
[this page has been updated by Mr. Amero in our Research Archives.
The updated version is notes-1935new.htm]
THE NEW YORK TIMES INDEX
Increases work in bldg. Trades, Mr 3 X & XI, 3:3.
Roosevelt plans visit, Ap 13, 13:6.
Special 3-cent postage stamp to be issued, Ap 14, 28:5.
Plans; preparation for 12,000,000 visitors; illus, Ap 28 X 17:1.
Postmaster Gen. Farley announces special 3-cent stamp, My 7, 18:8.
Mexico authorizes display of Monte Alban jewels, My 10, 10:4.
Roosevelt promises visit, My 18, 2:2.
Feature article, illus. My 19, IV, 15:6.
Ford bldg. to appear on Fair stamp, My 24, 23:5.
Pres. Cardenas appts L Rodriguez to represent him, My 27 6:5
Opens; Pres Roosevelt s by telephone; Sec
Roper dedicates U S Govt Bldg, My 30, 3:3;
illus, My 31, 6:2; ed, My 31, 14:4.
Former Pres Hoover visits fair, Je 19, 18:7.
Gov Palencia brings greetings from Pres Cardenas, Ju 7, 23:6.
Letter, Robert E. Callahan to Board of Directors, California Pacific International Exposition, San Diego, Calif., Ju 18.
Facilities offered to Boy Scouts for jamboree, Ag 10, 4:3.
A. E. Smith send brown derby for N Y day, Ag 16, 17:1.
Illus, S 29, IV, 10:4.
H S Johnson, s, O 3, 15:4.
Roosevelt's; illus, O 3, 1:5, ed, O 4, 20:3.
Bible Day; Dr R A Millikan s, O 7, 4:2.
Medal awarded to Portland Symphony Orchestra for concerts, O 20, X, 7:8.
Closes; attendance rept; reopening date, N 13, 8:2.
San Diego Union, Sun, etc.
San Diego Union, January 1, 1935, 5:1. City awaits fire equipment for park station.
San Diego Union, January 2, 1935, 6:1. SERA musical units entertained more than 3,000 at Organ Pavilion yesterday afternoon.
San Diego Union, January 3, 1935, 3:8. William E. Harper, California State Senator, may ask for state building in Balboa Park.
San Diego Union, January 3, 1935, 3:6. Buildings at Exposition boost December permits; highest record since 1931.
San Diego Union, January 3, 1935, II, 1:4. 39 branches of the Arden Dairy will participate at the Exposition August 17 and demonstrate Red Cross methods used by drivers.
San Diego Union, January 3, 1935, II, 8:8. Walter R. Hepner, chief of division of secondary education of state department, is making plans for Palace of Education; Exposition directors will be Dr. Ira W. Kibby, chief of bureau of business education, and Mrs. Vesta C. Mueleisen.
San Diego Union, January 4, 1935, 1:2-4, 2:4. State education men discuss details of Exposition exhibits in San Diego parley.
San Diego Union, January 4, 1935, 1:3, 2:5. Dr. Kibby, W. R. Hepner, Mrs. Vesta C. Mueleisen and Richard Requa, Exposition supervising architect, considering plans for Palace of Education.
San Diego Union, January 4, 1935, 1:7-8, 2:1. Sailing ships of 14 nations may visit San Diego Exposition.
San Diego Union, January 4, 1935, 9:3. San Diego Historical Society will rededicate San Pasqual Memorial Ceremony, Moore and Friar streets, tomorrow at 3:30 p.m.
San Diego Union, January 5, 1935, 10:5-6. Salon of photography in $100,000 structure will be Exposition feature.
San Diego Union, January 5, 1935, II, 1:2. House of Pacific Relations will bring together representatives of 23 foreign nations to further world peace.
San Diego Union, January 6, 1935, II, 1:1. Past Exposition experience indicates 1935 Exposition will advance San Diego in a business way.
San Diego Union, January 6, 1935, II, 1:3. HALF-MINUTE INTERVIEW: Irwin A. Blietz, Chicago visitor, praised plans; Juan Larrinaga described lamps and lighting fixtures for Exposition; Orrin Chaffin, assistant manager U. S. Grant Hotel, mentioned creative activities.
San Diego Union, January 11, 1935, 5:3. Midget colony to be Exposition feature.
San Diego Union, January 14, 1935, 5:3-4. Huge flower beds planted in park will bloom when Exposition opens.
San Diego Union, January 17, 1935, 5:1. Emblem of Exposition conceived by Juan Larrinaga depicts various building types.
San Diego Union, January 18, 1935, 1:1-3, 2:6. Fletcher asks State for $200,000 building, exhibit at San Diego.
San Diego Union, January 18, 1935, 1:4, 2:4. Helen Towe, formerly of La Jolla, leaves $40,000 to San Diego Fine Arts Society.
San Diego Union, January 18, 1935, 1:7, 2:4. Solons pledge fight for Exposition building funds.
San Diego Union, January 19, 1935, 3:2-3. Zack J. Farmer named director of 1935 Exposition.
San Diego Union, January 19, 1935, II, 1:2. San Diego Zoological Society officials apply to Sacramento for $336,000 to make improvements and additions to San Diego Zoo.
San Diego Union, January 20, 1935, 1:7-8, 10:1. Fletcher seeks $200,000 for Exposition building.
San Diego Union, January 20, 1935, 5:2-4. Boy’s circus started San Diego Zoo; Dr. Wegeforth once wire walker, by Naomi Baker.
San Diego Union, January 21, 1935, 5:1. San Diego Army Reserve Officers and ROTC cadets held battle maneuvers near Balboa Park swimming pool yesterday morning.
San Diego Union, January 24, 1935, 3:5. Carl H. Heilbron named head of Collier memorial group; solicitation of funds will start soon.
San Diego Union, January 24, 1935, 4:1. EDITORIAL: The State Exhibit.
San Diego Union, January 25, 1935, 2:4. Palace of Education has more than 15,000 sq. ft. of exhibit space.
San Diego Union, January 25, 1935, 9:1. Council asked to clear title to Russ school; 560 x 660 ft. wide tract in southwest corner of park; people voted a strip of land 60 ft. wide out of park to form Russ Boulevard, along south line of park.
City records show that in 1920 the voters gave 10 acres of park land adjacent to the high school to the Board of Education for intermediate school purposes at the same time that the Roosevelt Junior High School tract was voted out of the park and to the Board.
San Diego Union, January 25, 1935, 10:3. Committee on Finance passes Fletcher’s Exposition exhibit measure.
San Diego Union, January 26, 1935, 1:4, 2:4-5. Big Ford exhibit assured; $2 million Exposition plant announced.
San Diego Union, January 28, 1935, 4:1. EDITORIAL: Verdict from Detroit - The Exposition is a good thing for the country, a great benefit to the West, and an opportunity for every exhibitor who takes park in it.
San Diego Union, February 2, 1935, II, 1:2. State legislators inspect Exposition, praise progress.
San Diego Union, February 8, 1935, II, 3:7. Exposition area to be closed to traffic February 15.
San Diego Union, February 9, 1935, II, 1:2. House of Hospitality’s housewarming attracts many to new building, by Irene Clark.
Yesterday afternoon more than 600 persons crowded in a constantly growing stream into the auditorium of that "palace" which so nobly fits its hospitable name, in answer to an invitation of the San Diego Women’s Civic Center backed by the friendly permission of the exposition board.
San Diego Union, February 10, 1935, II, 1:2-5. Drill troop training for exhibitions and for honor guard duties.
San Diego Union, February 10, 1935, 5:1. Birds favorite at Natural History Museum.
San Diego Union, February 11, 1935, 1:2, 2:5-6. Henry and Edsel Ford to visit Exposition; firm plans permanent structure.
San Diego Union, February 11, 1935, 5:1. Housemaking will be shown at Exposition.
San Diego Union, February 12, 1935, 1:6. Ford exhibit to rise in Balboa Park; contract is let for building of display at Exposition.
February 13, 1935. Be it resolved by the Park Commission of the City of San Diego as follows:
Whereas numerous applications have been made to members of the Park Commission and to the Director of Works on behalf of various public and quasi-public organizations and charities that said organizations and charities be permitted to construct within the confines of Balboa Park certain lodges or meeting places; said construction to be under plans and specifications having the sanction and approval of the Park Commission and the Director of Works - but said buildings and lodges to be under the exclusive control and possession of the organization or charity making the said request; and
Whereas precedent for such construction and control has heretofore been created by the granting of such privilege to the organizations known as the Boy Scouts of America, and also to the Girl Scouts; and
Whereas the members of the Park Commission feel that such organizations should, particularly at the present time, be encouraged and that our young people should be encouraged to have more activity within such organizations; that the creation of such organizations within the park would be of great public benefit in that it would tend to keep the members of such organizations off the streets of San Diego and out of the beer parlors and dance halls; and
Whereas the members of the Park Commission appreciate the obvious fact that letting down of the bars for quasi-private and quasi-public organizations in the park might result in severe encroachments over a period of time, the commission feels that such objection should be overcome by setting aside a definite limited area in the park for the use of such organizations;
Now, therefore, be it resolved by the Park Commission that the City Manager of the City of San Diego be requested to set aside a suitable area (but not to exceed ten acres) in Balboa Park at some point adjacent to MORLEY FIELD.
That said area of ten (10) acres be set aside for the purpose of allotting in said area, building sites to various quasi-private and quasi-public organizations and charities, the object of which being to train and care for San Diego boys and girls.
That in said area, building sites be assigned to such organizations subject to application therefor and approval thereof on the park to the Park Commission and the Director of Works.
That the plans and specifications for such buildings must be submitted to and have the approval of the Park Commission and the Director of Works.
That all such buildings shall be with the distinct understanding and agreement that such permission granted for the erection and occupancy of such buildings shall be subject to revocation upon thirty (30) days written notice, and upon the further understanding that should notice of removal be given such organization or charity shall, before the expiration of said thirty days notice, removed from the said park any buildings or improvements placed thereon.
That such permission be granted with the further understanding and agreement that the occupation and operation of said buildings and improvements shall be subject to the direction of the Park Commission and the Director of Works.
That such permission shall be subject to the further condition that said premises, buildings and improvements shall not be used by said organizations for the conduct of any commercial enterprise whatsoever.
Passed and adopted by the Park Commission of the City of San Diego, on the 13th day of February, 1935; Commissioners Otto, Naylor and Yale voting aye.
A. Hill , Assistant Park Director,
Secretary
San Diego Herald, February 14, 1935, 1:3. All Exposition purchases shall be made locally.
San Diego Union, February 14, 1935, 1:7-8, 3:4. Standard Oil contracts for space at Exposition.
San Diego Union, February 14, 1935, 3:3. Adrian J. van Rossem, bird expert, joins staff of Museum of Natural History.
San Diego Union, February 15, 1935, 1:2, 2:7. House passes $350,000 Exposition exhibit bill; Senate approval is predicted.
San Diego Union, February 15, 1935, 5:4. U.S. Cavalry troops may be based in park for Exposition.
San Diego Union, February 16, 1935, 3:7. The Modern Art Studio, Inc. of New York and Chicago was named last night as the official builder of exhibits for the California-Pacific International Exposition.
San Diego Union, February 16, 1935, 4:1. EDITORIAL: Flying Colors - A smashing victory of the San Diego California-Pacific International Exposition made the headlines yesterday with the news that the U.S. government would be a principal exhibitor.
San Diego Union, February 17, 1935, II, 5:5-6. Kate Sessions’ dream of park "desert" is coming true, by Ada Perry.
San Diego Union, February 18, 1935, 1:2, 3:5. City Manager George Buck was asked yesterday in a resolution approved by the San Diego Park Commission to set aside a 10-acre site in Balboa Park for buildings to be constructed by organizations and charities.
San Diego Union, February 20, 1935, 1:4-5, 2:8. Exposition California State Building assured; $90,000 project to start soon.
San Diego Union, February 22, 1935, 1:7-8, 2:1. Governor Merriam visits Exposition grounds; work started on California State Building.
San Diego Union, February 23, 1935, 1:2, 3:1. El Capitan Dam dedicated with ceremony.
San Diego Union, February 24, 1935, Society-Club, 7:1. Donal Hord work placed in park here, by Julia Gethman Andrews.
Donal Hord’s fountain figure of the Mexican woman with the olla is now in place in the patio of the Hospitality house, Balboa Park, and is no doubt the most permanent note in the exposition grounds. Michelangelo it was, I believe, who said that perfect sculpture demands that one should be able to roll it down the side of a mountain and find it unmarred. Donal Hord’s sculpture should meet this test of perfection, it is so completely of a piece.
At the same time, it possesses a deep subtlety and an irresistible rhythm from whatever side you approach it. The simplification of the human figure here adds expressiveness, both spiritually and physically. The face of the Indian woman has an eternal kind of beauty. (One thinks of Chinese portraiture.) There is the shadow of a smile, not the Mona Lisa smile of a decadent Italian society, but a smile that grows out of an elemental wisdom of a society that has lived intimately with rain and sun and wind and the good earth.
It is interesting to pass from the patio into what will be the women’s lounge, where San Diego craftsmen are decorating ceiling and doors in the manner and after the pattern of the 14th century craftsmen. The work is an exact copy of the Gothic decoration in the cloisters of the monastery of Montesia, a Dominican convent which stood from the end of the 14th century until recently in the heart of Barcelona. The lounge opens upon the construction of Moorish gardens, the construction of which Mr. Taylor himself is at present supervising.
San Diego Union, February 24, 1935, 1:1, 2:2-3. President Roosevelt promises Exposition visit.
San Diego Union, February 26, 1935, 1:2, 3:6. $350,000 Exposition bill sent to President Roosevelt; Senators pass fund by consent; Burnham’s measure provides for $125,000 Federal Building; foreign invitations authorized.
San Diego Union, February 26, 1935, Sports, 1:1-2. Navy accepts 25-acre Navy Field as gift of San Diego.
San Diego Union, February 27, 1935, 5:1. A. H. Gianninni, executive chairman of Bank of America, figures Exposition attendance at five million.
San Diego Union, February 28, 1935, 2:2. Shakespeare’s plays will be Exposition feature.
San Diego Union, February 28, 1935, 3:1. Board of Supervisors opposes taking management of Mission Bay State Park out of hands of State Park Commission.
San Diego Union, February 28, 1935, 5:1-2. Public is invited to contribute to Collier memorial.
March, 1935. The Architect and Engineer.
Exposition by William Hamilton, pp. 11-18, illustrated.
California International Fair will be Unique Contribution to Architectural Planning.
With more than eighty-five percent of the buildings of the California-Pacific International Exposition already erected in Balboa Park, San Diego, and the remaining structures definitely taking shape, "America’s Exposition of 1935" promises to offer a group of exhibition edifices that will be unique in the exposition annals of the Pacific Coast.
Concisely stated, the architecture of the 1935 California Pacific International Exposition will be a development of the historic and pre-historic architecture of Southwest America, in which modern ideas in building design will be expressed, inspired by the remarkable examples of buildings and decorations in the monuments left by the unknown people who inhabited these favored lands before the advent of the white man.
The embellishments and color treatment of the new exposition palaces will be supplied to a great extent by living forms, trees, shrubs, vines, fruits and flowers, such as only Southern California can produce.
The present park buildings, heritage of the 1915 exposition, are in the Spanish, or, more properly speaking, the Spanish-Colonial style and exemplify the culmination of centuries of art and architectural development in this section of America.
Richard S. Requa, Supervising Architect of the exposition, says:
"In designing the new buildings for this exposition, we will show by modified examples the steps and progress of this development and through the inspiration and ideas of these old forms, produce an architecture in certain of the new exposition palaces that is in harmony with the development during the last quarter of a century in transportation and the industries.
"Thanks to our sunshine and benign climate, we have the opportunity here to supply color and adornments with living plants instead of academic decorations, such as perhaps could not be accomplished in any other portion of the globe. In the Spanish Village and the Court of Pacific Relations, a transitional type of architecture is exemplified, between the prehistoric and the pretentious styles which were produced in the opulent period of Spanish occupation in the Americas. In their proportions and treatment, they are no less interesting than the florid work which followed. They are in the simple, unostentatious, hospitable style that is now influencing the development of our California architecture.
"One of the noteworthy and characteristic features of Spanish, as well as Spanish-Colonial architecture, was their patios and gardens, embellished with fountains and brilliantly decorated tiles. These important enrichments unfortunately were lacking in the 1915 fair, but are to be one of the most prominent features of our present exposition. Among these features special mention should be given to the beautiful Casa del Rey Moro Garden --- reproduced as faithfully as possible --- the finest small garden in all Spain, with its alabaster fountain, grotto, lily pond, quaint old well, seats and pergolas. Next in importance is the Alcazar Garden, planned from a section of the extensive and beautiful gardens surrounding the Alcazar in Seville. The Alcazar Gardens in Spain are considered the finest public gardens in the country.
"In the center of the House of Hospitality, the finishing touches are being put on a patio, which is not unlike the famous patio in the Museum in Guadalajara, Mexico. Chief features of this patio are the arcaded galleries, the large tiled central fountain and pool, and the quaint old well embowered in bananas.
"Another quaint and charming garden is in the court in the Pacific Relations group with its fountain, old well from Algeciras, Spain, and the large pool in which the beautiful trees of the background will be reflected."
Perhaps the outstanding exhibition building to be erected by an individual exhibitor will be the Ford Motor Company building.
Although this structure, purely modern in conception and treatment, will not be of the Spanish or prehistoric derivation, it will be developed in such a manner as to blend harmoniously with the entire physical plan of the exposition buildings as well as locale.
Situated on the rolling plateau, southwest of the Organ Pavilion and the Music Bowl, the Ford Building will be of circular construction, approximately 350 feet in diameter with a circular patio in the center. The walls of the main building will be forty-one feet high; a tower on the north side of the structure, forming the great entrance rotunda, will be 198 feet high with a base 100 feet in diameter. This tower will rise to a height of 420 feet above sea level. The total floor area of the building will be 118,000 square feet.
The exhibition of late models of Ford motor cars will be the main feature of the patio. It is believed that this will be the first time in automotive history and one of the few places in the world where climatic conditions will make possible an all-year display of cars under the open sky.
In accordance with Henry Ford’s idea that art forms a perfect expression for mechanical processes, the exhibition throughout will achieve a blend of artistic harmony. Murals above rare wood wainscots will decorate the walls and color schemes that conform with the entire decor will be used.
Walter Dorwin Teague of New York is the designer of the building and the interior treatment. Mr. Requa is supervising the architectural and engineering plans. He will also be in charge of the actual construction operations.
The rotunda, which will form the base of the tower, will be known as the "Court of Nations." Here a series of dioramas around the walls and in the center of the rotunda will be used to depict a dramatic story of the countries of the Pacific.
In the south end of the Ford Building will be found a theater with a complete stage and screen facilities and a seating capacity of 350. Smoking rooms, lounges, dressing rooms and other quarters of a semi-public nature will be located there.
The basement and the main floor of the building have been designed to sustain heavy loads and vibrating machinery. It will be of reinforced concrete construction and the entire tower will be of structural steel covered with sheet metal to insure perfect fireproofing.
In the basement will be located service rooms, garage and a tunnel entrance. The building, omitting the tower, calls for steel and wood framing with cement stucco on the exterior. The interior is to be finished with acoustical plaster.
The second floor of the south section of the building will contain several lounges, executive offices and kitchen and pantry facilities. The executive lounge will be utilized for a dining room. Opening from this lounge will be a glass enclosed porch overlooking the city, while on the main floor a two hundred and twenty-foot terrace on the arc of the circle will afford a sweeping panorama from Mexico to Point Loma.
Lighting effects throughout the building will be given careful consideration, with the tower receiving a unique treatment in this respect. Stepped-back lights will flood the fluted column, with overlapping layers of color that will "paint" the tower as the rays ascend from the base.
Monel metal and chromium plated trim will be used to provide striking and modern contrasts against the wood of the interior.
It is important to note that the design of this building, as well as the other buildings to be constructed by individual organizations, while providing distinct personality for each structure, will at the same time assure a complete merger of all in a harmonious plan.
For this reason it has been stated that the California-Pacific International Exposition will be an outstanding contribution to architectural planning for spectacles of this nature. Of a certainty it may be said that beauty of building, embellished with plants and flowers, rather than ornamental architecture, will be paramount at "America’s Exposition --- 1935."
Circa March 1, 1935. BULLETIN FOR SPEAKERS
With the opening of America’s Exposition about two months away construction activity is spurred to new heights. Already we are more than 80 percent complete, and President Belcher has announced we will be ready on May 29th. The work has been started on the huge Federal Building, which will house the Government’s $200,000 exhibit. Hundreds of men are employed on building construction throughout the Exposition grounds. Many are detailed to jobs where work goes on around the clock, divided into three 8-hour shifts. On all construction jogs, at least two 8-hour shifts are operating. The Ford Building, largest of new constructions, is now beyond the foundation stage, with three building contracts already let. Forms for the retaining walls of the great outdoor Ford Music Bowl are now in and steel is being installed. Forms for footings under the stage of the Bowl are being placed. The Ford Company will spare neither money nor energy in making their superlative Exposition effort. Visitors will be given free rides along replicas of the most famous highways of the Pacific. In the Music Bowl, adjoining the Ford exhibit, a symphony orchestra of eighty pieces will be maintained by the great motor car company.
BUILDINGS
The Bank of America’s building and the Spanish Village are completed. The fifteen hacienda-type bungalows, which make up the House of Pacific Relations, where representatives of foreign governments will be quartered, are ready for occupancy. The ten 90-foot trusses which will support the roof of the $90,000 California State Building were swung into place last week. Trusses are now being raised at the Palace of Travel and Transportation. Construction here is above the first floor. The Standard Oil Company of California has indicated it will begin construction of its $100,000 building before Friday. General grading of the grounds is 75 percent completed. Landscaping is finished, except where construction makes it advisable to defer it until buildings are ready.
GOLDEN GULCH
In a twisting Gulch, built by the hand of nature, a striking reproduction of a mining camp, typical of the gold rush days of ’49, will be placed. There will be shacks of forty-niners, built with actual timber used in construction of the colorful towns of that period and reminding the visitor of an era that died with Bret Harte and Mark Twain. Here one will see the actual door that led to the Cabin in which Bret Harte wrote his famous tales. Here, too, will be replicas of the bars over which the hardy mining men gulped their fiery beverages . . . the color and atmosphere of the roaring forty-niners. To reach this scene one passes from the shadows of Old Spain into the atmosphere of ’49 upon the back of a prospector’s burro.
EXHIBITS
Installation of exhibitions in the Palace of Foods and Beverages was started last week by Coca Cola Company, Challenge Cream and Butter Association, Globe Mills, Standard Brands and other exhibitors.
announced participation of his Company in the California-Pacific International Exposition. Installation of an exhibit to cost in excess of $20,000 and employing a dozen attendants will start the middle of next month.
F.H.A. EXHIBIT
Heads of the Federal Housing Administration’s activities of the several Western States were notified today that the FHA exhibition will be in addition to departmental displays in the Federal Building. The FHA display is designed to show how the public may profit from the National Housing Act, and will visualize clearly phases of the Federal Housing Act heretofore not thoroughly understood by the general public. This exhibit has been authorized by James A. Moffett, of Washington, DC, Federal Housing Administrator.
A modern improved community will spring up in ten minutes, from a dilapidated, antiquated Village, by dramatized, mechanical operations. Thirty buildings in miniature will be __________ community. They will demonstrate "modernization magic" for ___________ maximum loans of $2,000.
Another exhibit, "Modeltown", a community of 56 miniature homes, will show newest types of residential construction. It will consist of 14 types of houses in four classifications --- houses that can be built and owned for $30.00 per month, $40.00 per month, $50.00 per month, and $60.00 per month, inclusive of interest, taxes, fire insurance and amortization of principal.
The 14 houses of each of these four classifications will present different types of architecture --- Spanish, English, French, etc. --- of one and two-story construction in frame, stucco, brick, concrete and steel.
In addition the FHA will establish and maintain a Regional office on the grounds which will be the Official FHA Headquarters at the Exposition. Here we will distribute illustrated pamphlets, booklets and other information desired by visitors to the exhibit.
PALACE OF EDUCATION
This building is about completed and will be the most important new unit contributing toward the educational features of the Exposition. It is of Indian Pueblo style of architecture and contains approximately 15,000 square feet of exhibit space. A most unique exposition of public school education has been outlined by the Director of Education, Mrs. Vesta Muehleisen, under the general theme, EDUCATION FOR GOOD LIFE. The large central room, known as the "Theme" room will portray in an artistic and animated style the seven objectives of education. A beautiful mural for this room is being painted by Miss Belle Baranceanu, which depicts in a realistic and forceful manner the progress of education through the Ages.
A most novel and entertaining exhibit in this building will be the Hobby Display. One of the chief factors in the determination of character is the wise use of leisure time. In recognition of this fact, many school principals of the State are already conducting Home Hobby Contests or Fairs in their schools. Supplementing this effort and as an additional stimulus thereto a series of hobby contests or fairs will be held in order to select a hobby to represent each individual school in the Palace of Education. Prizes and medals will be awarded for the most unique hobby in all classes of entries, which will be according to age, classification and types of projects.
FOUNTAIN FOR PALACE OF EDUCATION
Professor Frederick Schweigardt, whose sculptured bust of President Roosevelt stands in the White House study as a gift of the latter’s son, Elliott, was found here quietly working on a fountain piece for the Palace of Education.
Professor Schweigardt, who lives at 5517 Carlton Way, Hollywood, is now clay modeling a group showing youth triumphant, supported by figures symbolizing home, school, church and community.
The sculptor was formerly on the staff of the Munich Museum, Germany, and more recently executed several important works for the New York Museum of Science and Industry. He refused Philadelphia offers to go to Hollywood. He has many medals awarded for artistic work here and abroad.
NURSERY SCHOOL
In connection with the Parent Education section it is planned to exhibit a demonstration Nursery School. An attractive room for this purpose is being built at the present time. One side wall is so constructed that visitors may look into the room, while the children will not know they are being observed. This demonstration class will be a Federal Emergency Nursery School and will run with the same high standards of Nursery School procedure and the same careful supervision that has characterized the Nursery Schools throughout the country.
Dr. Gertrude Laws, Bureau of Parent Education, has already worked out a splendid scheme by which she will interpret to visitors through a staff of trained workers the parent education angle of the work. These works will be in addition to the regular Nursery School staff. It is hoped to carry on full-day Nursery School program with hot lunches served at noon, followed by naps. The children will have a large yard, well equipped with play apparatus. It is expected this class will offer a great attraction to visitors. This demonstration will be under the local supervision of Mrs. Ethel D. Mintzer, Advisor.
EXHIBIT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
The following notables were on the grounds last week arranging for the exhibit of the University of Southern California in the Palace of Education: Assistant Comptroller of the University of California, Director of the Riverside Agricultural College, Dean of Education of the University of California Los Angeles, and the Director of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography.
HOUSE OF PACIFIC RELATIONS
Italy was the first country to officially dedicate its hacienda in the group known as the House of Pacific Relations. Other countries will soon follow suit. Practically every House is spoken for at the present time. Among those definite are Italy, Japan, Sweden, China, Great Britain, France, etc.
Priceless exhibits are being gathered together from all parts of the United States and South America to tell the story of governments. The great Maya temple and the historic temple of Sacrifice from ancient Yucatan are but two of the many relics depicting early American history.
From Egypt will come treasures from the land of the Sphinx, from China and Japan the riches of the Far East. From every corner of the globe will come relics of the past.
INTERNATIONAL MARATHON
Sanction for an international marathon over the classic distance of 26 miles, 385 yards, was received here from the A.A.U. by A.E.D. Combat Post 1460, Veterans of Foreign Wars.
The race will be run May 30, from Agua Caliente, Mexico, to the grounds of the California-Pacific International Exposition, over the historic route followed by Padre Junipero Serra, founder of California’s chain of missions.
amateur event, including some from Mexico, Cuba and Canada.
The starting gun of the race will be fired, it is planned, by a high official of the Mexican Government. The runners will be me in the Exposition grounds by the Greek Consul and a gathering of American officials.
TRANSPORTATION
Large comfortable tractor-drawn semi-trailers, painted in brilliant colors and each designed to accommodate 100 passengers, will furnish transportation within the grounds of the California-Pacific International Exposition.
The Exposition Transportation Company, specially organized for the purpose and owned by the J. D. Spreckels Company, will operate five large buses. Each of the buses will be named in Spanish for a bird and painted in a color scheme to correspond to its plumage. The names are "La Golondrina" (swallow), "El Loro" (parrot), "El Canario" (canary), "El Cardenal" (cardinal), and "La Paloma" (dove). Seats are provided for 40 persons, but a hundred passengers can be carried comfortably. The transportation fare will be 10 cents.
ATTENDANCE
American Express Company officials have purchased a initial block of 100,000 admission tickets and reserved 2,000 hotel beds daily for the entire Exposition period for the accommodation of travelers who will arrange their trips through that organization. Redpath, Inc., prominent tour organizers, have secured 1,000,000 admission tickets and reserved an additional million in anticipation of heavy demands.
Officials of the Santa Fe Railroad Company report that traffic Westward this summer will be the heaviest since the depression. Santa Fe is increasing its service this summer by the addition of 369 fully air-conditioned cars. Once each week there will be a very special and fast train across the country, which will be drawn by a 3600 horsepower Diesel Engine, now under construction. This is the largest locomotive, as far as horsepower is concerned, in service in the World today. It is being built at a cost of $370,000. It is possible to attain a speed in excess of 100 miles an hour. Santa Fe’s display at the Exposition will be started late next month.
SPECIAL EVENTS
To date more than 120 organizations, representing every kind of human endeavor, have accepted out invitation for special days at the Exposition. The attendance of several of these organizations will run up into the tens of thousands. In addition to numerous days, many of these organizations will present attractive and very high class programs of every character, including orchestras, choruses, pageants, etc. In addition to the special days designated and the with cooperation of the Exposition Sports Commission many interesting athletic events are being staged, including the National Volley Ball Championship, an open clay pigeon championship match, and International Police Pistol match, in which two teams at least from Mexico City will participate. This match has been given to the Exposition by Chief of Police James A. Davis of Los Angeles, who was given authority this year to hold the match any place he desired.
The Health Department is raising 700,000 fish to keep visitors to American’s Exposition from being "stung". The tiny fish are Gambusia Afinis and they are very fond of Mosquitoes’ larvae. They will be placed in the many fountains and pools on the grounds of the California-Pacific International Exposition.
San Diego Union, March 1, 1935, 8:1. Many start fund for Collier memorial.
San Diego Union, March 2, 1935, 1:3, 3:1. Group to break ground for Ford Building today.
San Diego Union, March 2, 1935, II, 8:1-2. C. G. Disbrow comments on slow progress on golf course
San Diego Union, March 3, 1935, 1:1, 3:1. Ford Building gets underway with fitting ceremony.
San Diego Union, March 3, 1935, 4:2-3. Bird and boy friendship leads Clinton G. Abbott to Museum of Natural History directorship, by Naomi Baker.
San Diego Union, March 3, 1935, 10:1-8. San Diego’s dream takes substance of reality: busy hammers play daily symphony of progress in park; Exposition construction is 60 percent completed; carpenters have driven 90,000 lbs. of nails; contractors have poured 12,000 sacks of cement; 41,184 ft. of fence wire protect grounds.
San Diego Union, March 3, 1935, 13:2. "Better Housing" praises San Diego building progress.
San Diego Union, March 3, 1935, II, 1:4. Exposition setting has impress of Spanish adventurers.
San Diego Union, March 8, 1935, 1:3, 3:3. President Roosevelt signs bill appropriating $325,000 for federal participation in the California-Pacific International Exposition.
San Diego Union, March 10, 1935, 6:1. Hotchkiss goes to arrange Federal Building at Exposition.
San Diego Union, March 10, 1935, 6:6. City Manager Buck would improve park roads.
San Diego Union, March 10, 1935, II, 1:6, 2:6. Exposition buildings rapidly growing under three shifts.
San Diego Union, March 13, 1935, 1:6-7, 10:4. California Senate approves Fletcher’s measure providing $75,000 for California State exhibit at Exposition.
San Diego Union, March 14, 1935, 8:6-7. Six painters injured at Exposition as scaffold breaks in Palace of Education building.
San Diego Union, March 14, 1935, 12:1. Van Schaick says Exposition with safeguard beauty of park.
San Diego Union, March 15, 1935, 10:4. Representatives of property interests in southern end of Mission Beach discussed with Planning Commission yesterday methods to enable south end of Mission Beach to escape architectural fate of northern end.
San Diego Union, March 17, 1935, 3:2. Scouts prepare for Exposition camp.
San Diego Union, March 17, 1935, II, 1:6-7, 2:5-6. Senator Leroy A. Wright traces pueblo title back to 1789 in history of local park.
San Diego Union, March 17, 1935, II, 1:7-8. Work begun on Standard Brands exhibit in Palace of Food and Beverages.
San Diego Union, March 18, 1935, 1:6, 2:7-8. All Exposition facilities available for radio systems; network officials here to arrange publicity programs; Exposition to supply working studios, by Jack Barnes.
San Diego Union, March 20, 1935, II, 10:4. Workmen dig up whale bones on Exposition grounds
San Diego Union, March 24, 1935, II, 1:2-3, 3:1-3. Major Keating tells about Exposition in light of past experiences.
San Diego Union, March 24, 1935, II, 1:2, 3:8. Doctors assert midgets at Exposition won’t grow tall.
San Diego Union, March 25, 1935, 1:1-2, 2:1. Exposition construction work to hit peak as Federal Building starts.
San Diego Union, March 25, 1935, 6:7. Aloe and Agave Garden dedicated to Kate Sessions.
San Diego Union, March 26, 1935, 1:3, 2:2. Santa Fe plans crack service for Exposition crowds.
San Diego Union, March 26, 1935, II, 1:2. One hundred Exposition palaces to match park beauty.
San Diego Union, March 27, 1935, 5:5. Italy assumes possession of section in House of Pacific Relations.
March 29, 1935. RADIO TALK: The Amusement Zone and Its Attractions
A kaleidoscopic city of merry-making soon will rise in Balboa Park, where the Exposition opens May 29.
The amusement zone of America’s Exposition will present an unrivaled group of fun attractions culled from every part of the world. Bookings are being handled by J. Ed Brown and William (Bill) Barie, noted showmen, who are in charge of shows and concessions for the Exposition.
The midway will be 1200 feet long and 350 feet wide, with a 40-foot pavement through the center. The 2400 feet of frontage will present the best shows in existence.
Lew Dufour and Joe Rogers, who scored a great hit at the Chicago world’s fair with their shows, will produce new and greater shows at San Diego. Their units will include the "Crime Does Not Pay" show, "Two-Headed Baby," "Life", and the "Snake Farm".
Dufour and Rogers are also producing shows at the Brussels, Belgium, exposition.
Stanley R. Graham and Nate Eagle will present those attractions for which they have become famous. Graham and Eagle were prominent in amusement production for A Century of Progress and at many other previous expositions and fairs.
They will produce "Midget City", "Midget Farm" and the "Miss America" show, as well as two or three other distinctive features.
"Midget City" will be built on doll-house scale, where more than one hundred Lilliputians will work and play.
It will have a city hall, hotel, theater, barber shop, beauty parlor, office buildings and other structures and a completely organized civic administration with a mayor, chief of police and fire department.
"Midget Farm" will be a novel feature with midget cows, chickens, hogs and horses. It will have midget fields producing midget corn and grain. In a shed will be housed the tiny parade wagons and buggies once owned by Tom Thumb, protégé of P. T. Barnum.
The residents of these colonies will range in age from 18 to 60 years. Some are as short as 18 inches and many weigh less than 20 pounds.
They will include dancers, singers, artists and craftsmen.
The Midget City News, the world’s smallest newspaper, will be published in a midget printing shop each day during the Exposition and current events and features will be presented from the midget viewpoint.
Final plans for the Ripley "Believe-it-or-Not" show are now being formulated by J. Dwight Funk, who announces that the Ripley show at America’s Exposition will far surpass the previous Ripley productions.
Funk and his partner, Frank Zambreno, will personally manage the "Believe-it-or-Not" show. They also will be co-producers of the "Sensations" unit, an illusion show created solely by the refraction of light and without the use of mirrors.
Twenty beautiful girls from all parts of the nation will be seen in this series of animated tableaux. Many art critics and stage producers have commented on the beauty of this attraction.
Actual studio production of motion pictures will be seen at the Exposition.
Sixteen Hollywood studio workers will be stationed in the Exposition grounds during the world’s fair, where they will produce animated cartoons and other short subjects as they are made in the Hollywood studios. The Studio will be open to Exposition visitors, who will get a first-hand glimpse of the inside of making movies.
Visitors not only will see the complete production of these films, but will, also, see the finished product in a movie theater which will form part of the exhibit.
Not located on the midway proper, but part of the amusement zone will be Golden Gulch, a typical gold mining camp of California’s days of ’49.
In a deep, twisting gulch beneath a canopy of trees will be shacks made from actual timbers of the gold rush days. It will be a realistic picture of that era when the names of Jimtown, Hangtown and Whiskey Flat were on the lips of every adventurer from China to Cairo.
So faithful will this reproduction be to the originals that the visitor walking the paths of Golden Gulch will imagine himself transported back to the days of ’49, when the name "California" reverberated throughout the world.
An old, wooden door, warped by the winds and rains of more that fourscore years, will add a note of realism to the scene, while the Chinese laundry, iron-barred bank, blacksmith shop and hitching posts will line the streets of the camp.
Throughout the length of Golden Gulch will be found men and machines performing the tasks common to the era when the cry of "Gold!" was enough to bring men from the heath fires of far-off London and the steppes of Siberia. A further note of realism will be evident by the stage coaches and the burros which will form the only ingress to the camp.
The Venetian Glass Blowers, ten skilled craftsmen from Venice, Italy, will show their unique methods of blowing molten glass into many varied forms and designs.
Glass blowing is an art form from the days of the early Egyptians. It flourished during the splendors of medieval Venice, and since that time it has been handed down from father to son.
The world-famous Gay’s Lion Farm of El Monte, California, will be another attraction of the amusement zone.
Ponies from the circus stables of Harry Wooding will play an important part in "Toyland", created especially for the children.
The eyes of the show world will be on San Diego this year, with theatrical performers and producers congregating from many lands. The public will find at the California-Pacific International Exposition an unequaled array of midway shows; attractions that are of such outstanding quality that they will obtain the enthusiastic scrutiny of veteran showmen who may previously have concluded that there is nothing new under the sun.
San Diego Union, March 31, 1935, II, 1:2, 2:1-2. Romantic history of Balboa Park is inspiring tale, by Senator Leroy A. Wright.
San Diego Union, March 31, 1935, II, 5:1. Cactus planting on large scale planned in park:
Advance glimpses into gardens under construction in Balboa Park reveal a cactus planting on a large scale and a gigantic rockery and pool.
San Diego Union, March 31, 1935, 8:1. Arabian horses to be presented as Exposition feature.
San Diego Union, March 31, 1935, 8:2-3. Charles Wakefield Cadman appeals to Exposition managers for attention to local musical forces.
San Diego Union, April 1, 1935, II, 1:3-4. Jules F. Jacques, secretary of Exposition music section, will plan programs.
San Diego Union , April 6, 1935, 1:1. Nine hundred more men get Exposition jobs.
San Diego Union, April 6, 1935, 5:1. Eastern visitors praise park gardens.
San Diego Union, April 6, 1935, 5:5-7. Easter picnic dinner and program arranged for shut-ins at Organ Pavilion.
San Diego Union, April 7, 1935, 8:1-5. Pick and shovel men raise big city overnight.
San Diego Union, April 7, 1935, II, 1:4-5. Continuous music festival including vocal and instrumental groups culture feature of Exposition.
San Diego Union, April 9, 1935, 9:5. Federal Housing Administration breaks ground for miniature model town.
San Diego Union, April 10, 1935, 1:6, 3:2. Federal Housing Administration chief states Government will show model of San Diego’s new Civic Center.
San Diego Union, April 10, 1935, 10:1. Bank of America officials inspect progress at park.
San Diego Union, April 10, 1935, 10:5. 12th. Avenue artery traversing park to have lighting.
San Diego Union, April 10, 1935, 10:6. San Diego motorcade spreading Exposition news in Texas.
San Diego Union, April 10, 1935, II, 5:2. Exposition arranges dining service for 140 workers; lunch counters in Palace of Better Housing and in International Drug Store, which occupies a corner in the House of Charm.
San Diego Union, April 11, 1935, 5:2-3. Women’s group formed to preside at House of Hospitality.
San Diego Union, April 11, 1935, II, 2:1. Huge Exposition Café [of the World] facing Plaza del Pacifico to cost $100,000.
April 12, 1935, Southwest Builder and Contractor, pp. 13-14: Distinctive Architectural Style for New Exposition Buildings - Old Forms Are Given Touch of Moderne, Progress of Construction at San Diego Fair.
From the standpoint of all traditions the building of an exposition involves the development of a complete new plan. Generally the start is from zero --- grounds and buildings all have to be made. For a few expositions some sort of a nucleus has been made available but none that had been comparable to the one at San Diego utilized for the California-Pacific International Exposition which is scheduled to open May 29.
Beautiful Balboa Park, as landscaped for the 1915 Panama-Pacific [sic] Exposition, and the principal buildings of Spanish-Colonial and Renaissance design, erected for that colorful fair, which have been carefully preserved for just such another enterprise, form the nucleus of the 1935 exposition. It is a fine tribute to the genius of a great artist and architect, the late Bertram G. Goodhue, who created the architectural dream, that the buildings designed by him for such a purpose should have had so strong an appeal to the public that they have been kept intact through two decades.
Problems of the promoters of the California-Pacific International Exposition were greatly simplified by having such a splendid nucleus around which they could build. Many new buildings had to be erected and the opportunity was seized to illustrate in their architectural treatment the progress from the Indian pueblos of the pre-Spanish period to the present time with its Moderne influence. So architecturally the Exposition buildings run the gamut of architectural traditions of Southern California. The only exposition buildings are among the finest examples of the Spanish Colonial and the Spanish Renaissance and the new buildings are Mayan and Indian Pueblo types with a touch of the Moderne.
Richard S. Requa is director of architecture for the exposition. He is a recognized authority on Spanish architecture and its Colonial adaptations and the Indian Pueblo types of the Pacific Southwest. In working out the architectural scheme of the new exposition he has sought to show by modified examples the progressive steps in the development from the pre-Spanish period to the present time and through the inspiration of the old forms and influence of modern ideas to produce a new and distinctive California style. This is exemplified in the Palace of Transportation and Travel and other structures, in designing which opportunity has been taken to supply color and adornment with growing plants instead of academic ornamentation. Here the broad plain wall surfaces of the Pueblo type are relieved by festoons of plants hanging from concealed planting boxes to form a living frieze. The effect over the white stucco wall surfaces is both striking and pleasing.
Under Mr. Requa’s direction, a highly efficient architectural department was organized. His immediate assistant is H. Louis Bodmer, architectural supervisor. Next in line in this department are George Palliser, specifications writer; F. E. Evenson, electrical engineer; and G. H. Davies, structural engineer. Eighteen architectural draftsmen, six structural draftsmen, six electrical draftsmen and eight civil engineers are employed.
Construction work is organized in two divisions, some of the projects being handled by private contractors and others by the exposition staff, employing SERA labor. Approximately 65 percent of the workmen on the projects are SERA workers, the balance being employees of private contracting firms. To facilitate the direction of the SERA crews, a large staff of foremen is employed. They are under the control of O. B. Cole, general foreman.
The men behind the construction scene are H. H. Barter, director of works; Harry Foster, project superintendent and purchasing agent, and C. H. Harper, general superintendent.
Except for the exhibit palace of the Ford Motor Company, which is of steel and concrete, the new buildings on the exposition ground are frame construction with wood roof trusses and white stucco exterior walls. The buildings used during the 1915 Panama-Pacific [sic] Exposition are of similar construction.
Construction operations are now being pushed with all possible speed, two shifts of workers being employed on the dozens of projects now under way, to insure the completion of all structures and installation of exhibits in readiness for the opening on May 29.
The Federal government building will be a permanent structure with concrete walls and steel roof trusses. It was designed by the architectural department of the Exposition in the distinctive style evolved from the older forms with Moderne influence. The ground dimensions are 150 x 170 ft. and the height 35 ft. Of the $350,000 appropriated by the government for its exhibit, $125,000 will be spent on the building. It is being erected under contract by M. H. Golden.
The California State building is being erected by the Exposition construction department with SERA labor. It will be a wood frame and stucco structure, 228 x 120 ft., and will cost $90,000. It was designed also by the Exposition architectural department.
The Palace of Electricity and Varied Industries is about 80 percent completed and the Palace of Education and Women’s Palace are finished except for interior painting. Grading for the Transportation and Travel building has been completed and it will be erected under contract by J. A. Hunt. This structure will be 230 x 118 ft. All of these buildings were designed by the Exposition architectural department.
One of the most imposing new structures on the ground will be the Ford Motor Company’s building. It was designed by Walter Dorwin Teague, the company’s architect, and will house the Ford exhibit from the Chicago Century of Progress Exposition. Construction will be reinforced concrete and structural steel. It will be circular in form, approximately 300 ft. in diameter, with a tower. Adjacent to it will be an open-air bowl for concerts. The cost of the plant will be around $350,000. It is being built under contract by B. O. Larsen.
Modern Housing will provide one of the most extensive exhibits planned for the exposition. In the Palace of Better Housing, everything pertaining to construction, equipment and furnishing of the home will be shown. Grouped around it will be the exhibit of the Federal Housing Administration, comprising 100 small scale models of homes illustrating different styles of architecture, different types of construction and different floor plans. These models will be made from designs prepared by architects and selected by competition under the supervision of David J. Witmer, district architectural director of the FHA.
The Model California Exposition Home, representing an investment of $50,000, including furnishings, is now nearly completed.
Among other features will be the Spanish Village, the largest of its kind ever built for an exposition, and reproductions of the Casa del Rey Moro Gardens and the Alcazar Gardens, all of which are now nearly completed.
Construction of buildings in the Amusement Zone is well advanced. It is estimated that more than $1,500,000 will be expended on structures and devices in the zone, which will be the largest ever seen on the Pacific coast.
San Diego Union, April 12, 1935, 14:2. Miss Cynthia Ricketts, San Diego Venus, poses for Professor Frederick Schweigardt, sculptor of the fountain which will be placed in the assembly hall of the Palace of Education.
San Diego Union, April 13, 1935, 3:3-5. Aerial view showing Exposition construction progress.
San Diego Union, April 14, 1935, 10:1-3. Senator Wright recalls bitter park controversy.
San Diego Union, April 15, 1935, 5:8. Shell Company will have space at Exposition.
San Diego Union, April 17, 1935, 5:5. Ground broken for Exposition "Gold Gulch" yesterday.
San Diego Union, April 17, 1935, II, 10:1. School exercises in park present problem for Exposition Board.
San Diego Union, April 18, 1935, 1:8, 2:2-3. San Diego white spot on United States business map; 35 percent upturn noted as Exposition opening nears.
San Diego Union, April 19, 1935, 7:1-2. SERA orchestra, radio artists on park broadcast.
San Diego Union, April 21, 1935, 1:3-5, 2:1. One hundred shut-ins ready with wheel chairs to broadcast program of good cheer; invalids will go to park for unique radio hour; music, interviews to be feature; flowers sought.
San Diego Union, April 21, 1935, 13:1. Sam Hamill, San Diego architect, shows house drawings of competition.
San Diego Union, April 21, 1935, II, 2:2. Firestone promises Singing Fountain.
San Diego Union, April 21, 1935, II, 2:4. Easter concert in park today.
San Diego Union, April 23, 1935, 2:4. Three types of Exposition tickets go on sale here.
San Diego Union, April 23, 1935, 5:6. Board of Supervisors agree to finance a $15,000 San Diego County exhibit in the California State Building at the Exposition.
San Diego Union, April 23, 1935, II, 1:2. Experts work at creating scenes for Gold Gulch.
San Diego Union, April 23, 1935, II, 3:1-3. Shut-in program popular; may be arranged yearly.
San Diego Union, April 26, 1935, 10:1. Park gas station plan is rejected.
New York Times, April 28, 1935, X17:1. The San Diego Exposition this summer is expected to attract a throng of visitors to the coast, by James F. Roche.
San Diego Union, April 28, 1935, 1:2, 2:3. W. B. Courtney, associate editor of Colliers, lauds Exposition and Zoo; will write story.
San Diego Union, April 28, 1935, 11:4-5. "End of Trail" spectacle at Exposition will have 150 Indians of 30 tribes; show to be staged at Indian Village.
San Diego Union, April 28, 1935, II, 1:1. Huge throngs due here for Exposition Special Days.
San Diego Union, April 28, 1935, II, 1:8, 2:1-2. Exposition construction 95 percent complete; $20 million fun plant to be ready by opening date; 8 million visitors expected at Exposition this summer; 100 buildings to house 200 exhibits; grounds form "S".
San Diego Union, April 28, 1935, Society-Club, 1:1, 2:1-2. Mrs. G. Aubrey Davidson defines Exposition psychology.
San Diego Union, April 28, 1935, Society-Club, 3:1. Sala de Oro in House of Hospitality is Exposition drawing room, by Katherine M. Kahle.
San Diego Union, April 28, 1935, Society-Club, 4:1. Mrs. Fred M. Gazlay recalls Exposition days of 1915.
San Diego Union, April 28, 1935, Society-Club, 6:1. Statistics of 1915 failed to tell all.
San Diego Union, April 28, 1935, Society-Club, 8:1. Mrs. E. Thelen recounts embarrassing moments of 1915.
San Diego Union, April 28, 1935, Society-Club, 10:2-3. Miss Alice Klauber recalls Persimmon Room and art shows.
EXPOSITION EDITION
San Diego Union, April 28, 1935,
3:1-2. San Diego’s $20 million Exposition opens in Balboa Park May 29; exhibits will record milestones in development of civilization, recent achievements of mankind.
3:3-6. $2 million Ford Exhibit and Transportation and Travel exhibits to be magnets for visitors.
3:5. Spanish Village built speedily.
3:6. Rooms reserved for Exposition visitors.
3:7-8. Elaborate city of merry-making in Amusement Zone will provide attractions for old and young.
3:8. Day for Ohioans is set July 28.
4:1-4. Industrial firms of nation will exhibit at San Diego’s Exposition; gigantic commercial strides and national progress will be depicted in huge displays.
4:3. Skill of ancient surgeons shown in Exposition display,
4:5. Murals painted for Exposition.
4:7. Equine displays - Gay’s Lion Farm, Midway features.
4:8. San Diego expects 5 million to see Exposition.
6:1-4. San Diego Palace of Fine Arts exhibits works of world-famed artists; institution in Balboa Park contains steadily growing collection of masterpieces, by Reginald Poland.
6:7 Intricate design seen on Palace of Fine Arts.
6:8. Display of old Italian masters brilliant event, by Reginald Poland.
8:1-2. Palace of Natural History houses thousands of priceless specimens; diversified collections will be major attractions for visitors, by Clinton G. Abbott, director.
8:1-2. San Diego Federation of State Societies will welcome "hometown" visitors to Exposition.
8:3-4. Hydrographic relief map at Exposition, only one of its kind in existence.
8:5-6. Taxidermist shop, where all displays are made, by Clinton G. Abbott.
8:7. Some exhibits too valuable to be exposed, by Clinton G. Abbott.
8:7. Fossil is found on site of Exposition.
EXPOSITION SECTION
APRIL 28, 1935
SAN DIEGO UNION,
8:8. Palace of Natural History carries study of nature to schools, by Frank F. Gander, County Supervisor of Nature Study.
8:7-8. Identification exhibits, useful Natural History Museum feature, by Clinton G. Abbott.
10:1-2. San Diego Zoological Gardens ranks with best in United States; rare collection of animal and bird life will add to enjoyment of Exposition, by Belle J. Benchley.
10:7. "Flying" sea lion to be unusual exhibit at Exposition.
10:8. Two gorillas provide fun for visitors, by Belle J. Benchley.
Section II.
10:1-2. Exposition will present scientific, artistic and cultural exhibits; all phases of world’s progress will be represented by displays in brilliant settings.
10:7. San Diego police will wear new Exposition uniforms.
10:7. Local Veterans’ posts ready to aid Exposition.
10:8. Palace of Science offers unique displays.
Section III.
4:3-5. Drawing of model home to be given away at Exposition.
4:6-7. California State Building to show government at work.
4:8. Varied displays, special events planned.
6:1-2. Living plants to enhance Exposition buildings’ beauty.
8:1-2. PTA will provide exhibits for Palace of Education.
11:2-4. Frank Drugan credited with idea that started San Diego’s Exposition.
Section IV.
4:8. Powerful aerial fleet will have exercises in July.
4:8. National Guard will drill for Exposition visitors.
Section V.
6:3-4. 24 nations represented in Photo Salon at Exposition.
Section VI.
9:2. 1,700 Indians in San Diego County.
9:3. Counties of California will show their products in San Diego.
9:4-7. O’Rourke Institute instructs children in nature lore free.
Section VII.
2:1. Boy Scouts plan active programs for Exposition.
2:2-3. Countless Exposition attractions in superb setting.
2:4. Catholics to attend Mass at Exposition June 2.
2:6-7. Scientific library in Balboa Park provides facilities for extended research, by Alice M. Barlow.
3:1-8. Patrick Francis O’Rourke invites the world to San Diego’s Exposition.
4:2-3. Spreckels outdoor organ to be played each day.
4:4. Transportation facilities will be neat exhibit.
4:8. Smart displays for American women.
6:1. Gold Rush days will live again.
8:2-3. Girls have fine Scout House in Balboa Park.
8:4-5. Special art collection featured.
12:1-8. Café of the World will serve epicures of all nations.
San Diego Union, April 29, 1935, 2:7-8. Representatives of Czechoslovakia and Germany raise flags in House of Pacific Relations circle.
San Diego Union, April 29, 1935, 4:1. EDITORIAL: For the Exposition - We want the world to see our Exposition. We want the world, too, to see our prosperous and beautiful city.
San Diego Union, April 30, 1935, 5:1. Café of the World to use 50 cooks.
San Diego Union, April 30, 1935, 5:5. Standard Oil plans unique displays.
San Diego Union, April 30, 1935, II, 1:2. Exposition outside lighting ample to supply ten towns.
San Diego Sun, May 1, 1935, 11:2-3. Ford exhibit to present wonders of modern age.
San Diego Sun, May 1, 1935, 12:2-4. Mayan architecture, Standard Oil Building feature.
San Diego Sun, May 2, 1935, 1:3-4, 2:6. Real nudists to be at Exposition.
San Diego Sun, May 2, 1935, II, 13:2-3. Building the Exposition.
San Diego Sun, May 2, 1935, II, 15:2-3. Exposition Mixed Chorus has 500 voices.
San Diego Sun, May 3, 1935, 1:5. Police ready for throngs at Exposition; detective assigned to crack down on "Bunco men".
San Diego Sun, May 3, 1935, 4:1-6. Building the Exposition.
San Diego Sun, May 4, 1935, 3:3-4. Carl H. Heilbron, president Chamber of Commerce, endorses Visitors’ Bureau; accommodations for an anticipated surplus of 10,000 visitors needed.
San Diego Union, May 5, 1935, 1:3-4, 10:1. "House of Magic" will display electricity marvels; vast exhibit by big national concern announced for Exposition at cost of $50,000.
San Diego Union, May 5, 1935, 13:1. Earth to auto is theme of Ford display.
San Diego Union, May 6, 1935, 1:7-8, 5:5. Triple shifts of labor bring Exposition’s buildings near finish.
San Diego Sun, May 6, 1935, 1:6-7, 6:3-4. Spectacular light system to paint Exposition grounds.
San Diego Sun, May 6, 1935, 4:6. Fun Zone nearly ready.
New York Times, May 7, 1935, 18:8. A special three-cent stamp will be issued to commemorate the California-Pacific International Exposition which opens in San Diego on May 29.
San Diego Union, May 7, 1935, 1:6, 9:1. Exposition to floodlight sky; electrical display to be dazzling.
San Diego Union, May 7, 1935, II, 2:4. Naval exhibits en route here for Exposition.
San Diego Sun, May 7, 1935, 1:2-3. Hollywood moves into Hall of Fame; three freight cars loaded for film exhibit; will make movies daily.
San Diego Sun, May 7, 1935, 20:5-6. Four-legged pickaninny girl to be exhibited in Believe-it-or-not show.
San Diego Union, May 8, 1935, 1:5, 5:1. Group to confer today on California State exhibit; Eagles establish quarters; Swedes set flag raising; actors announce plans.
San Diego Sun, May 8, 1935, 1:3-4. State officials in San Diego complete Exposition plans.
San Diego Sun, May 8, 1935, 4:2-3. Glamorous maidens feature in "Sensations" show in Amusement Zone.
San Diego Sun, May 8, 1935, II, 11:2-3. Exposition opens in 20 days; exhibit schedule rushed.
San Diego Union, May 9, 1935, II, 2:1. Committee to invite guests to Exposition opening.
San Diego Sun, May 9, 1935, 8:6-7. Historic highways of the world reproduced as Exposition feature.
New York Times, May 10, 1935, 10:4. The Mexican government has authorized exhibition of the Monte Alban jewels in San Diego, Calif. During the fair starting May 20 [sic].
San Diego Sun, May 10, 1935, 1:2-3. Giant Boulder Dam model scheduled for Exposition; 30-ft. reproduction arrives tomorrow; terrain to be shown in contour map; for installation in Amusement Zone.
San Diego Sun, May 10, 1935, 22:5-6. Twenty-five tribes of Indians to live at Exposition.
San Diego Union, May 11, 1935, 1:7-8, 2:7. Exposition at half-way mark in advance ticket sales.
San Diego Union, May 11, 1935, 5:6. Japan quarters in House of Pacific Relations will be opened with ceremony.
San Diego Sun, May 11, 1935, II, 9:2-3. Tons of machinery moved into Firestone’s exhibit in Ford Building today; actual production of rubber parts scheduled.
San Diego Union, May 13, 1935, 5:4. 400 men on job "dressing" park’s flora for Exposition.
San Diego Sun, May 14, 1935, 1:2-3, 7:3-4. Electric moon, borealis rival nature at Exposition; ten miles of high-voltage wires "nerve" networks in park.
San Diego Sun, May 14, 1935, 5:4. Globe theater ready for run at Exposition.
San Diego Union, May 14, 1935, 1:7-8. Exposition construction at new peak; work started on lakes, gardens.
San Diego Union, May 14, 1935, II, 1:5. Ford Building nearly finished.
San Diego Sun, May 15, 1935, 1:1-2. Aladdin’s Lamp miracle performed at Exposition.
San Diego Sun, May 15, 1935, 18:2-4. Ford Building nears completion.
San Diego Union, May 15, 1935, 1:7-8. Record-breaking speed made on Exposition buildings.
San Diego Sun, May 16, 1935, II, 11:2-3. Fifty nature lovers on way to nudist colony.
San Diego Union, May 16, 1935, 1:1. Big arch rises on Exposition plaza.
San Diego Union, May 16, 1935, 9:2-4. Helene Richards, 1915 Exposition groundbreaking "Queen Ramona," recalls fete.
San Diego Union, May 16, 1935, II, 1:2. Scientific exhibits to be featured at Ford exhibit.
San Diego Union, May 16, 1935, II, 1:8. Traffic body suggests Exposition no-parking areas.
San Diego Union, May 17, 1935, 1:3, 2:6. Work on radio station; system of amplification starts at Exposition; broadcasting facilities to be of network magnitude.
New York Times, May 18, 1935, 2:2. President to visit Exposition at San Diego; he promises trip some time this summer.
San Diego Sun, May 18, 1935, 5:4-5. Five symphony orchestras scheduled for Ford Bowl.
San Diego Sun, May 18, 1935, II, 9:6-7. "End of Trail" exhibit featured.
New York Times, May 19, 1935, Section 9, II, 15:6-8. A Great Fair For the Pacific; the International Exhibition Soon to Open in San Diego is Expected to Draw Millions of Visitors to the West Coast, by
Alvin J. McGowan.
San Diego, Calif.
The nearly four centuries of progress and achievement in the West with their climax in the gigantic works now being constructed will be portrayed in bold strokes at the California Pacific International Exposition, which will open in Balboa Park in San Diego on May 29 and continue until November 11.
Such is the main theme. It represents a long evolution from the original idea of the fair, which was to be representative chiefly of Southern California. The large construction projects hereabout were too breathtaking to be left out. Of course the Federal Government was invited to exhibit also; so was the Mexican government, and the circle kept on widening until now some twenty-three or more foreign countries will be represented.
Great interest has been created throughout the United States and much of the rest of the world. Inquiries of travel agencies indicate than an unprecedented number of tourists will travel to the Pacific Coast for the 1935 world’s fair. Confident forecasters are mentioning 10,000,000 as the probably attendance figure for the season. President Roosevelt has announced his intention of coming to the fair.
San Diego is considered the logical site for such an exposition because it claims to be the birthplace of civilization in the West. It was to San Diego bay that the explorer Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo in 1542 first touched the mainland of present California. It was here that the first mission was established in 1769 by Spanish priests. Many relics of the early settlement lie within a short distance of the exposition grounds.
More then 100 Buildings
The exposition proper comprises more than 100 buildings, representing a total investment in excess of $20,000.000. Most of them are permanent structures which were a part of the 1915 Panama Pacific [sic] Exposition commemorating the completion of the Panama Canal, but many new and modern structures have been built to house the varied exhibits at the coming fair. Heavily clustered with trees and shrubs, they make a scene of dazzling brilliance.
Two of the great struggles for progress in this region have been for water and transportation. The struggles are commemorated in the Palace of Water and Transportation. Here is told the story of man’s fight for the "white gold" of the semi-arid West and the advance of transportation from the days of the sandal-shod Spanish priest down to the present streamlined era.
Part of the story is being sponsored by the Metropolitan Water District of Los Angeles in a huge display. Relief maps and working models of great irrigation and water-supply systems will be strikingly shown. Aqueducts, dams, channels, and reservoirs will be reproduced to scale.
All-American Canal
Also in this building will be a graphic representation of the relief project of the All-American Canal, now under construction in Southern California, which will open up thousands of barren acres to agriculture and provide homes for many American families. The exhibit will also tell the story of the Boulder Dam, one of the world’s great engineering projects, and of other undertakings connected with the water problem in the West.
In the transportation section will be a special department devoted to the historical phase of travel. Many relics which played an important part in the development of travel in the United States are being assembled. These include such colorful objects as the horse trappings of the early Spanish Dons, the ox-carts of the first settlers, covered wagons, stagecoaches and other crude vehicles.
The United States Government, which has constructed a Federal exhibit palace costing $200,000, will develop two themes. One exhibit deals with the operations of twenty government departments, which more than forty attendants will help to explain. The other is that sponsored by the Federal Housing Administration.
The first phase of the FHA exhibit is a bit of modernization magic, a dramatization of the improving of homes under maximum loans of $2,000. There will be shown a community of houses antiquated, poorly designed and in need of repairs. In the space of ten minutes it will be changed into a community that is highly modernized and improved.
Still another phase of the exhibit will be the presentation of a "New Deal City," showing fifty-six houses in miniature, designed to display the newest and best type of residential construction.
special3Mexico to Participate
General Pascual Ortis Rubio, former President of Mexico and an honorary director of the exposition, has announced, through President Cardenas, Mexico’s decision to participate officially in the San Diego fair.
Included in the Mexico Exhibit Palace will be the famous Monte Alban jewels, priceless Maya gems, which were shown at Chicago’s A Century of Progress Exposition. These are now en route to San Diego, where they will be displayed under special guard. The Mexican government will also have exhibits from the Departments of Agriculture, Communications, Education and National Economy.
Plans are being made to bring to San Diego for the duration of the fair the famous Tipica orchestra of 100 pieces.
A unique exhibit will be that of the Screen Actors Guild on Hollywood. This group will put on display such famous objects as Mary Pickford’s curls, Charlie Chaplin’s shoes, George Arlis’s monocle and other items from the archives of the screen capital.
As to architecture, many of the buildings are of the early Spanish renaissance and Spanish Colonial styles. These are the buildings constructed for the 1915 exposition. The new buildings suggest the oldest and most typically American schools of architecture --- the ancient Maya and Indian pueblo.
Industrial Exhibits
Some of the notable commercial exhibits will be found in the Ford Building, including modern industrial devices of all kinds. This building, intended to be permanent, stands on high ground overlooking San Diego Bay and will serve as a landmark for air pilots. Adjacent is a 3,000-seat amphitheater and orchestral shell. Here the symphony orchestras of Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco, Seattle and Portland will play during the fair.
In this park of the park roads suggesting historic highways that have contributed to the development of the civilization of nations settling along the Pacific have been laid out, flanked by characteristic scenery. Among these world-known arteries are the Gold road of Panama, one of the ancient Inca highways of Peru, the old Spanish road in Mexico, the Oregon and Santa Fe trails, and Alaska’s Fairbanks highway.
Other exhibits will cover a great range of subjects. The Palace of Science will portray developments in its field down to the newest marvels in telephony; the Palace of Natural History contains 307, 803 specimens of birds, fish, animals, reptiles and plants; the Palace of Fine Arts, a striking collection of old masters and moderns including Ruben’s "The Holy Family," and a priceless Gobelin tapestry, and so on.
The entire United States fleet will concentrate in local waters for two-week periods. The first concentration will begin on June 10 and last until June 28. The second will be from August 7 until September 1. President Roosevelt will be here during one of the concentrations for a review.
San Diego Union, May 19, 1935, 1:4, 2:5. 3,000 men race against time to get Exposition ready.
San Diego Union, May 19, 1935, II, 1:2. Exposition to have Schweigardt statue group; sculptor donates work for Palace of Education when funds fail; exhibit won by Mrs. Vesta Muehleisen.
San Diego Union, May 19, 1935, II, 4:5. Visitors to be barred from Exposition grounds as work speeds to finish.
San Diego Sun, May 20, 1935, 1:5, 2:3-4. San Diego orphans to pull switch to open Exposition; will turn on lights after talk by President Roosevelt.
San Diego Sun, May 20, 1935, 3:2-3. Zorine, queen of the nudists, flourishes under San Diego sun.
San Diego Sun, May 20, 1935, 6:3-4. Six architectural styles to prevail at Exposition.
San Diego Union, May 20, 1935, 5:2. Artists finishing California State Building’s historic murals.
SAN DIEGO SUN
EXPOSITION EDITION
MAY 21, 1935
Section A
4:2-4. 1935 Exposition product of 1915 Fair; idea brought to San Diego by G. A. Davidson.
5:1-2. Shakespeare "streamlined" to be presented in replica of London theater at Exposition
12:1-2. "Arco del Provenir" to be Exposition surprise.
Section B
2:1-4. Frank Drugan, little man with big idea, gave American big 1935 coast Exposition.
3:3. Fifteen foreign nations in Exposition.
4:3-5. "House of Charm" to be magnet for debutante and homeowner alike at 1935 Exposition.
10:3-6. Chinese aid Exposition; Quon Mane exhibit.
Section C
1:1-2. Old mining days live again in "Gold Gulch".
1:7-8, 2:2-3. Thrill rides, lions, midgets, two-headed baby, Dillinger’s auto on Amusement list.
3:6-7. Twenty-five tribes of Indians to live at Exposition.
Section D
2:5. Welcome Note is Hospitality House Theme: Atmosphere of Spacious Casa Achieved in
Decorations, by Katharine Morrison Kahle.
In Hospitality House, the official reception building of the California-Pacific International Exposition, the women’s committee will act as gracious hostesses to the Exposition guests. It was the desire in planning the interior decorations of the building to give the rooms a feeling of welcome and the atmosphere of a comfortable spacious casa and at the same time keep all appointments consistent with the architecture.
Though the lounges and reception rooms of Hospitality House are being furnished in harmony with the Spanish-Colonial architecture of the building, they will not be replicas of old Spanish rooms.
Modern Antiques
Instead, the spirit rather than the letter of the period is followed in all the furniture, rugs and draperies and accessories. Color, line and texture suggest the ruggedness of the Spanish, yet at the same time a certain modernity is suggested.
Furniture and fabrics have been made to order
The large reception room, called the Sala de Oro, has gold for its dominant color. In this room, a gold rug and handsome, handwoven draperies of a beautiful golden tone set the color note, which is contrasted by upholstery and accessories in tones of light and dark peach and blue-green. Beautiful mirrors of Spanish design reflect the coloring of the room and a rare old Italian cabinet, the gift of Mrs. A. S. Darlington of La Jolla, an antique Mexican chest, and a pair of Mexican "Portero de Hostea," used as lamps, set the atmosphere of the room. This is a formal yet comfortable room.
As In Mexico
The large reception room upstairs has a pleasant color scheme of blue-green, gold and old faded reds, set by the beautiful handwoven drapes and the painted chairs and cabinets. Plants growing in glazed pottery jars give the loggia the effect of the typical Mexican outdoor living room. From the loggia open two spacious decks, furnished in outdoor furniture and colorful umbrellas.
In addition to these large rooms is a tower committee room, a men’s lounge, which is decorated in a rich color scheme of browns, tans and lacquer red, and a women’s lounge, whose dominant note is a cool restful green.
All appointments of decoration, including linens, dishes and furniture, have been especially ordered for the building and are in harmony of color, texture and design.
Section D
2:7. Two Hostesses Daily Provided Sala de Oro - Miss Mary Marston, member of the Women’s Executive Board, is chairman of the Hostess Committee, which will serve under the Board. Miss Marston’s committee will provide two hostesses each day in the Sala de Oro, attractive lounge of Hospitality House.
Members of the committee include Clinton Abbott; Paul Jennings; Robert Frazee; E. D. Miller; T Hale; Sam Sherman; Mary G. Hatch; W. L. Van Schaick; E. Holoway; Anne Halliday; Mary Vivian Conway
Portrait: Offices of the Women’s Executive Board are Mrs. Frank Frye Jr., secretary; Mrs. John Ward, first vice president; Mrs. Lorens Barney, second vice president; and Mrs. Clark Cavanee, third vice-president.
7:1. $50,000 home featured on Exposition grounds; 12-room Monterey colonial dwelling open to public.
10:1-6. San Diego women saved former Exposition palaces.
Section E
2:1-8. Balboa Park beauties all man-made, by Richard Pourade.
11:1-4. Hard workers made Exposition.
San Diego Union, May 21, 1935, 1:7, 2:4. Construction of major Exposition projects nears completion.
San Diego Union, May 21, 1935, II, 1:5. Mrs. Paul Maiss, general chairman of the Women’s Civic Hospitality Committee, will operate the model house in the Plaza as the Hospitality House for Exposition visitors.
San Diego Union, May 22, 1935, 1:7-8, 2:5. Exposition hits homestretch as opening looms week ahead.
San Diego Union, May 22, 1935, 1:4-5. Zoo is host to two Bactrian camels brought from Kansas City.
San Diego Sun, May 23, 1935, 1:5-6. Exhibit palaces sold out, Exposition finances good, all bills paid.
San Diego Sun, May 23, 1935, 5:6-7. "Fix-it" brigade smooths path for Exposition officials; David N. Millan heads Public Relations Committee.
San Diego Union, May 23, 1935, 12:1. Ford by-product plant miniature arrives for Exposition.
San Diego Union, May 23, 1935, 12:7-8. Gigantic map nearing completion as part of Ford exhibit.
New York Times, May 24, 1935, 23:5. Ford Building appears in the center of the Fair stamp.
San Diego Sun, May 24, 1935, 1:6-7. 10,000 workers speeding Exposition for opening.
San Diego Sun, May 24, 1935, II, 13:1. Exposition parking plans strike legal snag; Byers rules against lots in parks; Commission is split.
San Diego Union, May 24, 1935, 12:2-3. Exposition Excerpts.
San Diego Sun, May 25, 1935, 1:6-7, 2:6-7. Two million tickets sold in advance for Exposition.
San Diego Union, May 25, 1935, 1:3-6, 2:4-5. Plans for Exposition opening announced.
San Diego Union, May 25, 1935, 12:1-3. Standard Oil Tower to the Sun will be dedicated today.
San Diego Union, May 25, 1935, 12:5-6. Village of 52 historic buildings in miniature added to Ford exhibit.
Los Angeles Times, May 26, 1935, III, 10:1. Film History Exhibit to Be in Spotlight; cinema folk to hold many parties on first night, by Sylva Weaver.
San Diego Union, May 26, 1935, 1:1, 2:5. Exposition opening will be broadcast to 75 million; two national chains book four programs.
San Diego Union, May 26, 1935, 4:5-7. Acres of beautiful flowers, lighting effect on foliage, constitute one of Exposition’s dazzling spectacles, by Ada Perry.
San Diego Union, May 26, 1935, 11:1. Ford Bowl gets most powerful organ in world.
San Diego Union, May 26, 1935, II, 1:2. Art decorations tell vivid story of California State.
San Diego Union, May 26, 1935, II, 12:1. Cast to enact plays of Shakespeare at replica of Globe theater.
San Diego Union, May 26, 1935, II, 12:3. Model Infantry Unit to set up Exposition camp; to be situated on Midway adjoining Indian Village.
New York Times, May 27, 1935, 6:5. Mexican president Cardenas has invited Luis Rodriguez to represent him at the San Diego Fair; he leaves tomorrow; Monte Alban jewels leave tomorrow night.
San Diego Union, May 27, 1935, 1:2. Skeleton found on Exposition ground with bullet in skull.
San Diego Union, May 27, 1935, 1:6-7, 2:3. 4,000 racing against time as Exposition’s deadline nears.
San Diego Union, May 27, 1935, 1:6-7, 2:3. Exposition clean-up crew ready; builders leave, last nail pounded in; crowd due.
San Diego Sun, May 28, 1935, 1:8, 3:2-3. Exposition ready; dress rehearsal set for tonight.
San Diego Sun, May 28, 1935, 3:1-4. Nudists frolic for laws OK.
San Diego Union, May 28, 1935, 4:1. EDITORIAL: A Proud City - These visitors of 1935 will see a great Exposition. Those who look beyond it can see a proud city, secure in its pride.
Los Angeles Times, May 29, 1935, 1:2-3, 2:1-3. San Diego Exposition’s Gates to Open Today; grounds ready for flag raising at 11 a.m., with Roosevelt talk scheduled for 8 p.m.; cabinet members on hand to air initiation ceremony; air show tonight.
Los Angeles Times, May 29, 1935, 12:1. Exposition opening one of two signal world events to be broadcast; ship whistle across seas to be heard; liner’s blast off France will ring San Diego bell atop an ancient San Diego mission, by Carroll Nye; maiden voyage of S. S. Normandie.
Los Angeles Times, May 29, 1935, II, 4:1. EDITORIAL: San Diego’s Exposition: The difference from, not the similarity to other expositions will at once stir the imagination and quicken the feelings of these visitors to Balboa Park to whom the romance of history, the delicacy of art, the charm of environment, the touch of nature and glimpses of the unknown have power to penetrate.
Los Angeles Times, May 29, 1935, II, 7:1. San Diego’s most important season opens with Exposition tomorrow; introductory dinner honors official pair, wives of prominent participators to be feted also.
San Diego Sun, May 29, 1935, 1:8. 25,000 throng Exposition opening; Governor Merriam says State of California grateful.
San Diego Sun, May 29, 1935, 2:1. San Diego Symphony to dedicate Ford Bowl; first concert this afternoon.
San Diego Sun, May 29, 1935, 3:1. Night lights lend "magic" to Exposition.
San Diego Sun, May 29, 1935, II, 11:2. Exposition speeds through ten months work.
San Diego Sun, May 29, 1935, II, 11:3-4. Exposition Sidelights.
San Diego Union, May 29, 1935, 1:3-4. Official Program Opening Day.
San Diego Union, May 29, 1935, 1:7, 2:4-5. Ford machinery is started for preview at Exposition.
San Diego Union, May 29, 1935, 1:5, 2:1. Exposition welcomes world today at 11:00 a.m.
San Diego Union, May 29, 1935, 2:7-8. Governor Merriam officiates at California State Building dedication.
San Diego Union, May 29, 1935, 3:8. Workmen praised for coordination on Globe Theater.
San Diego Union, May 29, 1935, 4:1. EDITORIAL: "World Capital" - Today’s invitation to this world capital is a great event, and a spectacular one. The tenure of the capital itself is a greater event, and a greater spectacle.
San Diego Union, May 29, 1935, 5:1. Fletcher drives first car on Roads of Pacific.
Los Angeles Times, May 30, 1935, 1:5-8, 5:6-8, 6:2. Booming guns hail officials as San Diego Exposition opens; spectacular event launched with a crowd of 25,000 at ceremonies.
Los Angeles Times, May 30, 1935, 1:6-7, 6:5. Confidence in future hailed by President Roosevelt.
Los Angeles Times, May 30, 1935, 4:1-5. Progress of west coast typified in miracle city; visitors stand in awe as they view wonders of colossal spectacle reflecting genius of man, by Kenneth O’Hara.
Los Angeles Times, May 30, 1935, 4:1-4. New science marvels at San Diego Fair eclipse those of Alladin’s lamp; robot, capering electrons and Magic House among array of wonders, by William S. Barton.
Los Angeles Times, May 30, 1935, 4:2-3. Midway’s barkers offer wide array of features.
Los Angeles Times, May 30, 1935, 4:4. Catholics plan parade; five thousand to march in special ceremony at Exposition Sunday.
New York Times, May 30, 1935, 3:3. President Roosevelt hails San Diego’s Fair; telephone speech given.
New York Times, May 31, 1935, 14:4. EDITORIAL: The Coast Celebrates: It is . . . in order to point out that San Diego’s four centuries of progress are not a continuous four centuries. . . . The town is younger by more than 150 years than Santa Fe.
San Diego Herald, May 30, 1935, 1:7-8. Exposition gates open.
San Diego Sun, May 30, 1935, 1:3, 2:2-3. Holiday crowds jam Exposition; Memorial Day fete draws new throngs; 60,000 attend opening day.
San Diego Sun, May 30, 1935, 3:1. President Roosevelt opens Exposition; orphans turn on lights.
San Diego Union, May 30, 1935, 1:8, 2:1-2. 60,000 enter Exposition gates; praise high as success is assured; President Roosevelt dedicates Exposition by telephone hookup from capital; pageant shows progress of 400 years.
San Diego Union, May 30, 1935, 1:5-7, 2:1. "Confidence in prospects," keynote of President Roosevelt’s talk opening Exposition.
San Diego Union, May 30, 1935, 2:4-5. Governor Merriam says "San Diego is example to world," as $90,000 California State Building is presented to Exposition.
San Diego Union, May 30, 1935, 2:7-8. Secretary Roper dedicates Federal Building.
San Diego Union, May 30, 1935, 3:8. Redwood, steel houses attract interest in Palace of Better Housing.
San Diego Union, May 30, 1935, 3:8. Peepers’ Paradise found in Nudists’ camp fence holes.
San Diego Union, May 30, 1935, 5:1. Globe Theater troupe thrills first audience, by Wallace Moody.
San Diego Union, May 30, 1935, 5:2-3. "Here is California" tells story of State’s exhibits.
San Diego Union, May 30, 1935, 6:3-4. San Diego Symphony scores great triumph with first concerts in Ford Bowl, by Wallace Moody.
San Diego Union, May 30, 1935, 8:1-4. Brilliant tea and dinners open festive Exposition, by Eileen Jackson.
San Diego Union, May 30, 1935, II, 5:1. Model building contest popular with thousands.
San Diego Union, May 30, 1935, II, 5:7-8. Thrills, chills, skills are seen on Midway as carnival barkers bellow wares in ‘come-on" chorus.
San Diego Union, May 30, 1935, II, 7:5. Fletcher first on Ford roads.
Los Angeles Times, May 31, 1935, 1:6-7, 3:2-3. Huge holiday throngs storm into Exposition, by Chapin Hall.
Los Angeles Times, May 31, 1935, 3:1. Fair crowd honors dead; Memorial Day observed; Secretary Roper, Merriam and Phillips speak before throng in Proscenium.
Los Angeles Times, May 31, 1935, 3:5-6. Exposition Gold Gulch arouses ghosts of ’49, by Kenneth O’Hara.
San Diego Sun, May 31, 1935, 18:1. Palace of Food and Beverages draws crowds.
San Diego Union, May 31, 1935, 1:8, 3:1. 200,000 people converging on Exposition; attendance hits 116,741 for two days.
San Diego Union, May 31, 1935, 2:3-4. Exposition visitors pause for tribute to nation’s war dead; dignitaries participate in rites at Organ Amphitheater.
Scrapbook 20 - Ruth Norton, June 1, 1935. Colored lights on each side of fountain in Palace of Water designed by G. Everett Farmer, electrical engineer. San Diego Historical Society Research Library.
Los Angeles Times, June 1, 1935, 1:5, 2:5. Youth rules Exposition; thousands of Orange County school children see San Diego wonders.
San Diego Sun, June 1, 1935, 1:2-3, 2:1-8. 10,000 Catholics to march in Exposition grounds Sunday; 35,000 to witness solemn ceremony; ranking members of church arrives.
San Diego Union, June 1, 1935, 1:3. Shrine thousands at Exposition today; Orange County children visit Fair; 10,000 students swarm grounds; schools closed to allow trip; concerts, parades mark day; 40,000 Catholics due tomorrow; Lieutenant Governor to arrive at 11 a.m.
San Diego Union, June 1, 1935, 1:4-5. Today - Shrine Day, Fresno Day, School Library Association Day; Scottish Rites Women’s Day; Palace of Travel and Transportation dedication at 12 p.m.; San Diego Symphony orchestra concert in Ford Museum Bowl, Nino Marcelli, conductor, at 2:30 p.m.
San Diego Union, June 1, 1935, 1:6, 2:1. Red fez-shrine clan converges here for ceremonial, colorful parade; special train will bring throng; film actor members will join in gala frolic; side trips planned.
San Diego Union, June 1, 1935, 2:5. Exposition Excerpts.
San Diego Union, June 1, 1935, 2:6-7. Exposition Information.
San Diego Union, June 1, 1935, 2:8. Elks rulers here to plan special Exposition day.
San Diego Union, June 1, 1935, 3:6-7. First concerts in Ford Bowl attest popularity of symphony orchestra, by Wallace Moody.
Los Angeles Times, June 2, 1935, 3:2. Shrine sees Exposition; Fezzed nobles in parade; officials expect 40,000 Catholics to attend ceremonies today.
Los Angeles Times, June 2, 1935, III, 6:2. Hollywood film folk see the sights at the Fair; celebrities gathered in the Motion Picture Hall of Fame to open their building to the public.
San Diego Union, June 1, 1935, 4:1. EDITORIAL: BIG SMASH - The Exposition is on its way. Every bit of advance faith and civic optimism is justified, the Exposition is "going over."
Scrapbook 20 - Ruth Norton, July 2, 1935. Ford exhibit: Weatherometer testing resistance of paints and enamels to all kinds of weather conditions; Fadeometer testing upholstery fabrics to their resistance to the sun; Shelton looms exhibit showing how upholstery fabrics are woven; Friction device administering 10,000 strokes every 90 minutes to find out wearing qualities of fabrics. San Diego Historical Society Research Library.
San Diego Union, June 2, 1935, 1:2-3. Exposition receipts soar beyond estimates according to treasurer Emil Klicka.
San Diego Union, June 2, 1935, 1:2, 3:1. Titles conferred on neophytes in Exposition Shrine Day.
San Diego Union, June 2, 1935, 1:5, 8:5-6. Two bishops to lead field mass; 60,000 Southland Catholics, choir of 300, uniformed bodies, dignitaries to participate in Ceremony at Organ Amphitheater.
San Diego Union, June 2, 1935, 8:1. Lieutenant Governor Hatfield is thrilled by beauty of Exposition.
San Diego Union, June 2, 1935, 8:2. Fourteen nations pick Exposition committee, welcome chiefs.
San Diego Union, June 2, 1935, 8:3-4. Exposition Excerpts.
San Diego Union, June 2, 1935, 9:1. Palace of Transportation is last to be dedicated.
San Diego Union, June 2, 1935, 4:4-6. Relief details on Food and Beverage Building.
Scrapbook 20 - Ruth Norton, June 3, 1935. El Paso Troupers included Tipica Orchestra of the Paso del Norte Arts & Crafts Guild. San Diego Historical Society Research Library.
Los Angeles Times, June 3, 1935, 3:1. Catholics visit Fair; day marked by great parade; Bishop Cantwell speaks and military field mass features program.
San Diego Sun, June 3, 1935, 1:4, 3:1-3. Splendor of field mass yesterday at high noon holds 50,000 spellbound.
San Diego Sun, June 3, 1935, 8:2-4. "Original" Jesse James featured in Gold Gulch.
San Diego Sun, June 3, 1935, 14:2-3. Travel and Transportation Building doors are opened.
San Diego Union, June 3, 1935, 1:3, 3:1. Reverence marks Exposition throng at pontifical mass; many prelates, priests aid in impressive ceremony featuring Catholic Day.
San Diego Union, June 3, 1935, 1:6. Exposition attendance 218,349 for five days; throngs due.
San Diego Union, June 3, 1935, 3:6-7. What they think of Exposition.
San Diego Union, June 3, 1935, 8:8. Boy Scouts retain part of Indian Village.
San Diego Sun, June 4, 1935, 1:2-3, 7:2. Texans whirl into city for El Paso day at Exposition.
San Diego Union, June 4, 1935, 1:7-8. 92 stations to release Fleet salute from Exposition, June 10.
San Diego Union, June 4, 1935, 5:4. Townsend group plans big mass meeting at Exposition.
San Diego Union, June 4, 1935, II, 2:1. "True Vow" group will gather for Exposition fete.
San Diego Sun, June 5, 1935, 1:5-6, 7:3. Exposition board voices praise for management.
San Diego Union, June 5, 1935, 1:1-2. Today’s program; Golden Wedding Day.
San Diego Union, June 5, 1935, 1:6-7, 2:5. Texas "Whynots" invade Fair Grounds.
San Diego Union, June 5, 1935, 2:3-4. Exposition Excerpts.
San Diego Sun, June 6, 1935, 1:3-4. 175 Army officers, men to make home at Exposition; 50 trucks bring San Francisco soldiers to be quartered in El Zocalo.
San Diego Union, June 6, 1935, 1:1-2. Program; Ladies of the GAR Day.
San Diego Union, June 6, 1935, 1:7, 2:5. 250 aged pairs pledge troth again; mass nuptials held for True Vow folk; ceremony repeated in House of Hospitality; gold book is installed.
San Diego Union, June 6, 1935, 1:6-8, 2:6. Exposition will surrender to U.S. Infantry today; sheriffs’ air forces plan invasion from sky.
San Diego Union, June 6, 1935, 5:1. Program is set for war mothers for Exposition this Sunday.
San Diego Union, June 6, 1935, 5:3-5. Vast educational exhibit in Palace of Education; built around cultural development in state.
Los Angeles Times, June 7, 1935, 3:1. Army force enters Fair; troops in camp at Exposition; crack detail from Bay City passes in review before ladies of the GAR; the company is called the Provisional Company because it is made up of picked men from each company of the 30th; it will do parade and escort duty.
San Diego Sun, June 7, 1935, 1:2-3. Exposition "pop" shows get warning from Police Chief George Sears.
San Diego Union, June 7, 1935, 1:1-2. Program.
San Diego Union, June 7, 1935, 1:5, 2:7. Exposition surrenders unconditionally to U.S. Infantry; soldiers arrive from north in 44 big trucks; go into camp at end of Midway.
San Diego Union, June 7, 1935, 3:4. Major O. F. J. Keatinge, in charge of Globe Theater, tells Rotarians that Exposition success is assured.
San Diego Union, June 8, 1935, 1:2-3. Program - Registered Graduate Nurses’ Day; Hotel Greeters’ Day; Apartment Owners and Managers’ Day; Ventura County Day.
San Diego Union, June 8, 1935, 1:3, 2:4. Palace of Education formally presented by Dr. L. B. Crutcher, president of the state board, yesterday.
San Diego Union, June 8, 1935, 3:5-6. Exposition Excerpts.
San Diego Union, June 8, 1935, 3:6. Navy book pays tribute to Exposition.
San Diego Union, June 9, 1935, 1:1-2. Program - American War Mothers’ Day; San Diego Union Model Yacht Club Regatta Day, Los Angeles Sheriff’s Aero-Squadron Day; California Optometrists Association Day; United Commercial Travelers’ Day.
Scrapbook 20 - Ruth Norton, June 9, 1935. Murals on facade of California State Building depicted various periods of California’s growth; each panel 6 ft. wide and 18 ft. high.
San Diego Union, June 9, 1935, 1:2, 2:4. Varied programs to keep visitors on jump at Exposition.
San Diego Union, June 9, 1935, II, 1:1, 3:2-3. Exposition Chorus invites Mme. Schumann-Heink to appear with 500-voice group in "Elijah".
San Diego Union, June 9, 1935, World-Wide Features, 6:4-6. Photography of main entrance to California State Building, showing 18-ft. murals; four units in group, each 6 ft. wide by 18 ft. high
June 10, 1935. Program - Navy Week (first day).
Scrapbook 20 - Ruth Norton, June 10, 1935. "Breathing House" behind Palace of Better Housing; a model home designed by Richard J. Neutra, built entirely of steel with exposed portions coated with aluminum; air channels run through walls and when the heat of the sun warms them, it automatically starts a cooling draft; low-temperature electric heating element underneath the floors for warmth. San Diego Historical Society Research Library.
June 10, 1935. Time Magazine, "National Affairs" - CALIFORNIA: "Miracle of 1935"
When Chicago’s Century of Progress opened two years ago, two enterprising Midwesterners of 19 sat up all night for the distinction of being the fair’s first sightseers. Midwesterners, when they age and retire, make their way by thousands to Southern California. Hence last week bent, grey-headed Howard Jackson, a one-time publisher of Oshkosh, Wis., was the first man to hand his ticket to a sombreroed gatekeeper and pass though the turnstile at San Diego’s California-Pacific International Exposition.
Situated on the brink of the Pacific, ten miles from the Mexican border, San Diego is a bustling city of 150,000 whose chief assets are one of the world’s finest harbors, the adjacent rich resort colony of Coronado, the biggest West Coast naval station and Army, Navy and Marine air bases. From Chicago the city’s resourceful businessmen borrowed their reason for having a fair this year. It was to represent approximately "four centuries of progress" dating from 1542 when Portuguese Navigator Cabrillo’s ships entered the harbor. More realistic were San Diego’s two main inducements to hold a fair: 1) to bait ten million tourists into the city before Armistice Day; 2) to put to some practical use 1,400-acre Balboa Park and the many permanent Neo-Hispanic buildings by the late Bertram Goodhue left over from the Panama-California Exposition of 1915-16.* Accordingly, the citizenry passed the hat to collection $500,000 for organization expenses, concessionaires were invited to participate, the U.S. Government appropriated $125,000 for a building, Henry Ford and Standard Oil erected two more, 32 foreign governments are represented in the House of Pacific Relations, and "a city of magic in a land of dreams" became California’s latest attraction last week.
Notable was the official opening fanfare. Secretary of Commerce Roper was on hand to hope that the Federal exhibit would be "of educational value to the country." Undersecretary of State Phillips assured California that out of Japan’s commercial invasion of the U.S. would come "a cooperative solution." Postmaster General Farley struck off a big 3 cent commemorative stamp which was sure to get him into more philatelic hot water because the most prominent feature was the Ford Building. And a 8 p.m. on opening day, President Roosevelt from Washington radioed that he hoped to get out to San Diego’s show this summer. Following the President’s address, the lights went on. "Chicago went in for brilliant glitter," San Diego’s newshawks had observed, "San Diego will aim at soft glow."
Under the soft glow of colored lights playing on bowers of palm and eucalyptus trees, a comfortable but by no means spectacular crowd of 25,000 began to see the fair sights in earnest. In the Palace of Science was many a 20th century industrial gadget and the original gold spike with which Leland Stanford joined the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads in 1869. In the Ford Bowl was playing the San Diego Symphony, to be followed throughout the summer by orchestras from Portland, Seattle, San Francisco, Los Angeles and the 250-voiced Mormon Tabernacle Choir from Salt Lake City. Mexico had again sent north its Monte Alban Mayan treasures. But the real fun was, as usual, to be had on the Midway.
Smuggled in a ravine was the "Gold Gulch Mining Camp," complete with an old-time saloon, ogling dance hall girls and some bearded characters in hickory shirts splashing in a muddy wallow with pans. Tabloid versions of Shakespearean drama were playing at "Shakespeare’s Old Globe Theater," an old-time Chicago attraction. A concession called "The Hollywood Parade" exhibited Mary Pickford’s curls, Charlie Chaplin’s shoes, some old cinema sets, and bogus picture-making. A horseshow called "The Days of Saladin" was featuring a grey stallion said to have been ridden by Rudolph Valentino, and in the Indian Village Chief Big Tree, supposed to have posed for The End of the Trail, went on view. Climax of the whole brummagem business was the "Zoro Gardens." There a bearded oldster in a G-string and a chorus of gauzy young female exhibitionists were conducting a "nudist colony." For 25 cents a spectator could stare at them, then go off among the trees, take off his own clothes, join the colony. A crow of thrifty peeping-toms took in the whole show though the knot-holes of the surrounding fence.
All this was billed as "The Miracle of 1935" and San Diego was enthusiastically determined to make its fair a success. So eager was Mayor Percy James Benbough that all ranks of the citizenry should profit from the exposition, and all kinds of visitors should fine the city hospitable, that last fortnight he called into the Chamber of Commerce Auditorium 225 local saloonkeepers, gamblers, bookmakers and dive-operators. In an hour’s speech notable for its frankness, the one time police chief who also runs an undertaking establishment on the side, warned his listeners: "Don’t let your money go to anyone who claims he can fix you at City Hall. We are going to get rid of the chiseler and the rat and we need your help . . . . If you insist on doing an illegal business --- and mind you, I am not telling you it’s all right --- take your chances. . . . It will break you if you have to pay protection money and fines too."
Said President Martin Healy of the San Diego Liberal Businessmen’s Association (bars, night clubs) "It’s just what I wanted to hear."
Said Johnny Niehl of the Hercules Club, "I don’t see anything wrong with the Mayor at all."
Said Herman ("The Jew Kid") Hetzel of the Gold Club: "It was a very sensible talk. He’ll make a good Mayor. Bookmaking isn’t really a crime."
*In competition with the great Panama-Pacific International Exposition held the same year at San Francisco to commemorate the opening of the Panama Canal. True to the tradition of Northern and Southern California rivalry, San Francisco will stage a world’s fair in 1937 to mark the completion of its two new bay bridges.
San Diego Sun, June 10, 1935, 1:4, 11:5. Exposition throws gates open to Navy men.
San Diego Sun, June 10, 1935, 1:5-7. Amateur nudists demand probe of Zoro gardens "pros"; Whalen, Sears shake heads.
San Diego Sun, June 10, 1935, 2:2-4. New police censor on job; he frowns at brassieres; smiles at full-length gowns.
San Diego Union, June 10, 1935, 1:1-2. Program - First day of Navy Week.
San Diego Union, June 10, 1935, 1:4-5. Fuse burns out as Mae West meets Old West in Exposition’s Gold Gulch.
San Diego Union, June 10, 1935, 1:6-7, 2:2. 63,000 men, officers to "hit beach" today as 114 ships return.
San Diego Union, June 10, 1935, 1:7-8, 3:8. Flying deputies circle Exposition; throng here for Fleet return; attendance reaches 350,757.
San Diego Union, June 10, 1935, 9:4. Richard J. Neutra’s design for "breathing home" placed on exhibit in the Better Housing display at the Exposition yesterday; won prize in Better Homes in America national contest.
San Diego Union, June 10, 1935. SPORTS, 1:8. Honor model yacht owners’ contest at Exposition; boys receive awards beside the Arch of the Future at the north lagoon.
San Diego Sun, June 11, 1935, 4:5. Zoro "nudies" annoyed at slur on nudism.
San Diego Union, June 11, 1935, 1:1. Navy parades might as 114 war craft make port; host waits ashore with big welcome; some 63,000 officers and men returning to their homes after two months of intensive exercises.
San Diego Union, June 11, 1935, 1:1-2. Program - Second Day Navy Week, San Diego Army and Navy Academy Day, Detail Furniture Dealers’ Day.
San Diego Union, June 11, 1935, 1:6, 2:7. B. A. Lechner, manager of the travel department of the Pacific Coast Division of the American Express Co., aid the Exposition is going to be a success.
San Diego Union, June 11, 1935, 1:7, 2:4. Exposition gates open free as sailors rush to the Midway.
San Diego Union, June 11, 1935, II, 1:2. 12,269 have paid admission to see Shakespeare at Globe.
San Diego Union, June 11, 1935, II, 1:8. San Diego County exhibit almost finished in California State Building; worth $15,000.
San Diego Union, June 12, 1935, 1:1-2. Program - Third day Navy Week.
San Diego Union, June 12, 1935, 1:3-4, 2:4. Rank officers of Navy, aides guest at big dinner, dance reception at Exposition; gold braid dominates brilliant scene as leaders of Fleet, wives entertained by Fair, city, county officials, Chamber of Commerce; Belcher toasts distinguished visitors, President Roosevelt; no speeches offered.
San Diego Union, June 12, 1935, 3:1-3. Exposition Excerpts.
San Diego Union, June 12, 1935, 3:2. Oregon prepares to send exhibit; excursion to San Diego.
San Diego Union, June 12, 1935, 6:3-4. City to eliminate dangerous auto parking near Exposition grounds.
Scrapbook 20 - Ruth Norton, June 13, 1935. Television in Palace of Electricity and Varied Industries.
San Diego Sun, June 13, 1935, 2:1. Exposition Sidelights.
San Diego Union, June 13, 1935, 1:1-2. Program - Fourth Day Fleet Week, Pacific Coast Bowling Congress Day, San Diego County Elementary Schools Day.
San Diego Union, June 13, 1935, 1:6, 2:6. Sailor from prairie elated at Exposition visit here; set for more.
San Diego Union, June 13, 1935, 3:4. Wealth of varied music features at Exposition.
San Diego Union, June 13, 1935. 5:1. Crowd witness first television exhibit at Exposition.
San Diego Union, June 13, 1935, 5:3. Exposition Excerpts.
San Diego Union, June 13, 1935, 5:3. Concessionaires sue Exposition for $28,465.
San Diego Union, June 13, 1935, 9:1-8. Brilliant navy fete makes glamorous social history; garden tea at Court of Honor in Balboa Park; ball at Hotel del Coronado.
Scrapbook 20 - Ruth Norton, June 14, 1935. 108 ft. high Standard Oil "Tower of the Sun" with powerful neon light at top.
San Diego Sun, June 14, 1935, II, 11:2-3. San Diego High keeps tradition; will graduate 510 seniors at Balboa Park Organ Amphitheater today.
San Diego Union, June 14, 1935, 1:1-2. Program - Fifth Day Fleet Week, Daughters of American Revolution Day, San Diego High School Commencement.
San Diego Union, June 14, 1935, 1:7-8. First relay will leave Exposition today on 2,500 mile crest hike.
San Diego Union, June 14, 1935, 2:5-6. Organ recitals and vocal programs make Exposition mecca of music lovers, by Wallace Moody.
San Diego Union, June 14, 1935, 5:4. Alpha the Robot, who hears, speaks, rises, sits, shoots a pistol and makes a speech of thanks on display in the Palace of Science at the Exposition; activated by vibrations of the human voice.
San Diego Union, June 14, 1935, 7:1. Exposition ceremony to dedicate U.S. Housing exhibit tomorrow.
San Diego Union, June 14, 1935, 14:7-8. DAR Day program at Exposition today lists interesting activity.
San Diego Union, June 14, 1935, II, 1:5. 28 Indian children from Warner Hot Springs took part in program in House of Hospitality auditorium and toured Exposition grounds yesterday.
San Diego Union, June 14, 1935, II, 14:1. Professor Frederick W. Schweigardt lauded for sculpture he donated to the Palace of Education at the Exposition; group represents "The Cornerstones of Democracy".
San Diego Union, June 14, 1935, II, 14:4. False rumors on Exposition rapped; attendance has not "flopped"; J. Clark Chamberlain of the Exposition speakers’ bureau said yesterday that dishonest attendance figures are not being released; paid admissions average about 27,000 daily; no truths to rumor that Henry Ford will close his exhibit if Gold Gulch is not close.
June 15, 1935. Colliers. "Tomorrow Comes to San Diego," by W. B. Courtney . . . excerpt
. . . You quit the Tower, to meet the living men whose enterprise and dreams of beauty made this holiday possible for you. There are many, of course, whose services are fully as devoted and valuable as those who are sung. It is our misfortune to have time only for power heads.
Juan B. Larrinaga, the artist, who spilled colors and floodlights and buildings with abandon over the 300 acres of Balboa Park that were set aside for the Exposition, scrambled them with mad joy, and then said presto and stepped aside and you saw by day a fairyland of ordered genius, and by night a quaking aurora. Larrinaga is a Mexican, who left home in Lower California at seventeen aboard a donkey and starved and fought his way from painting murals in Texas saloons and sets in border honky-tonks to a foremost place in western American stage and movie design.
Richard Requa, the architect of the Exposition, has added to the Spanish Colonial and Spanish Renaissance of the old fair, the American prehistoric ingredients of Aztec, Maya and Pueblo architecture. In his conception, he has patterned the steps along which architecture has developed from the most ancient expressions, to the most modern in our Southwest. He has had the witty courage to take advantage of the climate and gain adornment and coloring for his buildings by the use of living plants. Foliage not only binds the foundations to the ground setting; but flowers stream down from boxes hidden along the parapets so that the walls of every palazzo are vivid cataracts.
The Man Behind the Idea
Zack J. Farmer gathered the Exposition into his strong hands and hurled it over the deadline. He is the managing director. He is one of the extraordinary men of the Pacific Coast. You may not consider it a favor, but Farmer is responsible for your heaving heard so much about Los Angeles in the last decade. He organized community development thought up there; and persuaded the town’s editors to declare truce in that one field --- a miracle when you reflect that in Los Angeles American journalism has reached its Bowery. Alone, he put over the Olympic Games --- which everybody said would be 1932’s outstanding failure --- and turned a profit of nearly two million.
For the Coast, the San Diego’s Exposition’s success as a show and spectacle if nothing else --- was guaranteed when Los Angeles gave him leave of absence to come down here. Farmer is from Colorado. He is lean as an ear of Indian maize, dusty as a tumbleweed, with a homespun face. He likes to sit on a rock in the desert and mope. He has known the hatred and rancor of ranch-fencing warfare; he has known the peace that comes to a man who looks up from the desert floor to where sunset breaks on range peaks and spills down the slopes and fades there. He is a boy, a zealot, a visionary, a poet. He is brown enough to be a Hindu, and you think there must be something of the snake charmer in him; for he has blown on the flutes of grit and imagination and out of the green jungle of Balboa Park white spires have writhed, opalescent domes have swelled.
It will cost you fifty cents for each general admission to the Exposition grounds --- although I might rent you my pass for two bits a day. All the major "palacios" are free; while private concessions on the Midway and elsewhere will make you fork over ten cents or more each. You cannot take your car inside the grounds. Parking space will be available outside. Inside, busses patrol the main stems; but you won’t need them unless you are infirm. The Exposition layout is in the shape of a letter "S" and you can take shortcuts through cool, shaded woods. Indeed, the principal assets of this fair are, first, its lush setting; and second, the completeness of its buildings.
Unlike Chicago and other fairs --- where, if you walked to the rear of the trim buildings, you found yourself looking into the unpainted innards; studding, cardboard, sawdust --- the San Diego Exposition is as callipygian as she is refined and elegant in profile. You will not have to roast on vast sun-griddled pavements. You will never be more than a pace length from shade. A hundred feet from walls that enclose the latest gadgets of science, you may lose yourself in primitive canyons; pick wild flowers with no cops to say boo; glimpse coyotes, or scare up wild bunnies. Take your camera; wherever you point it here an unforgettable picture will be framed. Remember to judge your exposures for Latitude 30 degrees.
This hardened old collector of world’s fairs believes you gain from them in proportion to what you bring to them; and San Diego’s Exposition, more than any other in my opinion, will reward you abundantly as you come with heart or mind open, or merely on pleasure bent. If you want a Midway --- there is one. Exposition midways change with morals and with the advance of entertainment science. This one will have familiar things, including peep shows that are just educational, mind you. It will have thrills, and rides and fakes; but it will also have Boulder Dam and Crime Never Pays, and lion and snake farms, and Alfy the homeless Mechanical Man.
If I were to tell you all the wonders and beauties, natural and feminine, that you will find you would not have to come to the fair and that would not be good for American business. One nobly thoughtful feature: you can sit your way down all through the Exposition. There will be 1,500 benches --- each large enough for eight Westerners, or six Easterners. There will be splendid gardens; faithful copies of the noted Casa del Rey Moro backyard of Ronda, Spain, and of the Alcazar in Seville. There will be a Japanese tea garden and a Japanese school ship down in the harbor on a mission of friendliness.
In the Café of the World, which you will only think is al fresco, you may order the dish you liked best in Shepheard’s in Cairo or in the Foreign Club in Shanghai. There will be terrace and garden dining. Music, too. The Spreckels Organ, facing the Plaza del Pacifico, is unique, famous throughout the world. In the Ford Bowl you may sit on moonlit nights and see the hunched ridges of the Inkopah Mountains holding up the sky to the south; catch the sheen of the ocean on the west; and inhale the fragrance of the intervale carried to you by trade winds, as you listen to concerts by symphony orchestras.
A Trip Through the Fair
There will be special fiestas for each of the fair’s 167 days. And there is no end of beautiful and imposing palaces --- "palacios," we call them out here, and the streets are avenidas. No doubt you, too, will pick up a few Spanish words. In the palacios you will find the usual demonstrations of homemaking, exhibits of travel and industry, and of art and science. In the Motion Picture Hall of Fame, you will see actual movies in the making, by Hollywood squads. In the $350,000 Federal Building you will find more than twenty government department exhibits, including a post office in actual operation; and a Model Town in which you are instructed by the Housing Bureau in ten minutes how with a loan of $2,000 from your government, you may convert a down-at-the-heels community into a fit subject for anybody’s picture postcards.
Along the "Pacific Roads," with typical Exposition informality, you will travel in half a mile, through China, Japan, Hawaii, and the old Mexican treasure trail from San Blas to Veracruz. The Republic of Mexico, by the way, has one of the outstanding exhibits; including the priceless Monte Alban jewels, Maya antiquities sent in an armored car under the guard of Mexican soldiery; a show-off team of charros, trick horsemen; and the famous Tipica orchestra.
The House of Pacific Relations, a group of fifteen haciendas around a green plaza, will always remain for me the most seraphic picture the Exposition affords. These casitas are like patrician thoughts, given substance, and dropped to jell in emerald arbors. You might not appreciate what Cuba and Jugoslavia have to do with Pacific Relations, until you learn Pacific is used in the meaning of peace, not of geography. There is a suspicion the Nudist Colony might not be so pacific with holy men and police to pacify. The idea was to get genuine Nudists from their lairs in Germany and Indiana; but they would have nothing to do with commercialized exhibitionism. So these Exposition nudists are hirelings from the stage; but the result is the same.
The Exposition says it is all in the interests of good health, clean living, right thinking, and that the colony is really a semi-religious affair. Well, even though your worshipful faculties may be deficient, it will be worth your while to enter this amphitheater, deep in a sylvan glen, to see what Nudists do with their time besides play. I know a spot --- the top of the frontier express company blockhouse in Gold Gulch --- from which you can peep into the Nudist Colony.
In the Days of Forty-nine
Gold Gulch, by the way, is the most distinctive and truly authentic of the concessions. In it you may share the ribald fund of the Forty-niners. It covers twenty-one acres, close to the main gate of the Exposition, yet lost in a winding arroyo from which you may see, try though you will, no sign of modern life, no pole or wire; not even a corner of the rest of the fair. From the moment you board the ramshackle old stagecoach, or the pack burro, and rattle down the rough trail shouting, "Yip-pee!", you may have a very real illusion of moving down three-quarters of a century in time. Gold Gulch is a reproduction of a mining camp of ’49; not just a set, but a living, actual lode-country post, where bearded miners are at work and you might see Bret Harte or Mark Twain any moment. Down here you can uncork all your suppressed desires to be mean and tough and ornery.
San Diego’s California-Pacific International Exposition is not the largest the nation has ever known; but it is the most glamorous. You will not find here the most colossal this, the most stupendous that; your soul will be touched, rather than your muscles. You will not perceive in this fair the bounce of Saint Louis’, the ambition of Phi