Board of Playground Commissioners

San Diego Union, January 1, 1914

Exposition Section

1. Bird's eye view of Exposition grounds with sketch of first version of Botanical Building.

Work started on Horticultural Building in latter part of 1913; design changed from cumbersome Spanish-style square structure to open-face building; dome frame set in place in December.

2. What and Where the San Diego Exposition Is, by H. O. Davis.

Drawings of buildings (early versions)

California

Science and Education

Arts and Crafts

Home Economy

Agriculture and Horticulture

3. Progress as shown at the Exposition site - pictures

4. Most monumental of structures in Balboa Park

20 miles of iron pipe for water, 10 miles of storm drain, nearly as many miles of sewer

connections and about the same amount of electric conduit.

4:2 All buildings so put up that they will stand for half a century without necessity of repair to the frame on which they are built. The method employed has been to make all frames and columns on the ground and hoist them into place with cranes and derricks.

Plaster and stucco work is done in the buildings themselves, the contractor moving his molders and men into the buildings as fast as the carpenters make it ready for the plaster and decorations. The contractor produces every portion of the decoration on the grounds from blueprints, the plaster, which comes from Utah, and the material at hand in local markets.

The Division of Works furnishes the blueprints of the figures and ornaments wanted.

4:3. State building to be used as a depository for state historical material.

4:4. $3,500,000 raised for Exposition.

4:5. Service stations to be maintained.

4:5. Permanent park provided for city.

4:6. Canadian Northern to send steamers here.

4:7. Construction of bridge.

5:1-2. California counties show what can be done.

5:3-5. Ground plan showing Organ Pavilion north of California Building; Motor Transportation Building at head of Plaza de Panama.

New pipe organ from Austin Company of Hartford, Conn.; electric pneumatic --- operated by a low-voltage generator drive by organ motor; movable console to organ with power cable; offer to donate organ made in 1913.

5:6. Irrigation expert appeals to east and west.

6:1-7. Visitors marvel at vast preparations.

6:3-4. Directors for 1913.

6:7. Panorama of Exposition showing buildings on El Prado on which work began March, 1913.

7:1-3. San Diego's Fair finds favor with citizens of the great West.

7:4-7. State Societies aid in community development.

8:1-2. San Diego Exposition to have foreign exhibits.

8:3-4. Plants grown by the million.

8:5-6. San Diego Marine Band draws big crowds; free concerts given every Sunday afternoon at 2:30 near Kalmia Street entrance.

8:7. State participation

Legislative appropriations: Nevada . . . $40,000

New Mexico . 20,000

Utah . . . . 25,000

Washington . 25,000

Kansas . . . 10,000

9:1-3. Attractions of Isthmus will be unique: Scenic roller coaster and carousel; "A Street in China," Ostrich Farm.

9:1-3. Exploitation not to lag at San Diego Exposition.

9:1-7. Special rates by rail and water granted Fair exhibitors.

10. The men who made the Exposition - pictures

10:1, Santa Fe planning Indian Village at Exposition.

11:1. Amusements to be big part of show.

11:7. Open-air exhibits: International Harvester, Lipton Tea, etc.

ANNUAL EDITION

2:3-4. San Diego's Building Record in Exceptional Considering Depression.

Building permits in 1913 totaled approximately 7 million dollars.

Building permits in 1912 totaled approximately 10 million dollars.

1912 --- bulkhead construction of San Diego harbor, 1 million dollars

City affected by prevailing business depression less than almost any community in the United States.

Watts Building - 5^th and E

Meyer Davidson - between E and F

Spreckels' Workingmen's Hotel - between 3^rd and 4^th

Union Building - between Broadway and E.

January 2, 1914, Letter, Carleton Monroe Winslow to Board of Park Commissioners . . . Goodhue to procure reredos and other furniture for the [St. Francis] chapel in Mexico.

Gentlemen:- Under date of the 27^th of December 1913, I have received a letter from Messrs. Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson, from which I quote as follows:-

"We are pleased to learn that a portion of the money saved on the Fine Arts Building is to be expended in extra decoration. Mr. Goodhue has already started to make arrangements to procure the reredos and other furniture for the Chapel in Mexico. The $3,000 should be expended as follows:

The floors of the two stair halls should be tiled in same manner as the Chapel. A dado in colored glazed tile, about three feet, should be run around the ground floor of the West staircase and the ceiling should be decorated with a rich wooden ceiling. For this we have started already to make sketches. If any money remains, it should be used in placing a wall fountain in the East staircase hall on the axis of the doorway to the main exhibition hall, ground floor."

In this connection, I have requested Messrs. Brown & DeCew Construction Company, Contractors, to submit an estimate for the extra floor tile work called for. I assume that the tile-dado work mentioned will be figured upon here in San Diego.

Quoting again: "Also please let us known whether our acceptance of the bid on lighting fixtures has been confirmed." In the firm's night letter of 18^th of December, Mr. Goodhue writes, "As Caldwell's lighting fixtures for both buildings come within allowance, have accepted same. Please have this confirmed."

If your board has not already done so, will you kindly have communicated to either Messrs. Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson or myself the confirmation requested.

Very faithfully yours,

(Signed) Carleton M. Winslow

Superintendent

San Diego Sun, January 3, 1914, 1:7. Exposition building permits issued for Commerce and Industries, Foreign Arts Building and Fire Station, valued respectively at $27,000, $72,000 and $10,000.

San Diego Sun, January 5, 1914, 11:1-2. Park Board and Stadium Committee debated putting stadium at 15^th or 18^th streets; question of excavating costs.

Board of Park Commissioners Minutes, January 9, 1914. Mr. Winslow instructed to notify Mr. Goodhue that the $2,000 appropriation for hardware for the Fine Arts Building included the cost of the bell. . . . $500 appropriated to improve grounds around Children's Home in Balboa Park. . . . Western Metals Supply Co. given an extension of 30 days to remove their powder magazine in Balboa Park.

San Diego Sun, January 9, 1914, 1:2-3. Stadium funds will only start project; Davidson willing to wait until people vote more money; there can be no Greek Theater, no elaborate sections of seats, and no concrete banks along cup.

San Diego Union, January 11, 1914, 3:2-3. Article mentioning Tracy Brick & Art Stone Company of Chula Vista.

San Diego Sun, January 12, 1914, 11:1. Park Board lights for Balboa Park on upper 6^th Street, the western boundary of the park, and on the boulevards on the western part; President Forward does not know where the money is coming from.

San Diego Sun, January 14, 1914, 1:6. Director-General H. O. Davis says main group of exposition buildings will be finished soon.

San Diego Union, January 15, 1914, II, 11:1. Hagenbeck animals feature of 1915 Exposition.

Board of Park Commissioners Minutes, January 16, 1914. Salary of Superintendent increased to $250 per month.

San Diego Sun, January 16, 1914, 1:3. Park Commissioners to consider a Convention Hall instead of a Greek Theater in park; also can save money on grading for stadium by day labor under supervision of Park Board instead of contracting with grading concerns; "Those opposed to a Greek Theater said it might be a thing of beauty, but that its value to the city would stop there."

San Diego Union, January 17, 1914, 18:1. Southern Highway exhibit planned for Fair; headquarters of association are in Clifton, Arizona, San Diego is western terminus.

San Diego Sun, January 19, 1914, 1:5-7. Capacity of stadium reduced from approximately 50,000 to 30,000; 15^th Street site chosen; day labor to be used; level to be raised 5 feet; space will be left for a Greek Theater or Convention Hall.

San Diego Sun, January 21, 1914, 9:1-2. H. O. Davis said at Chamber of Commerce meeting last night that 8.0 million expected at Exposition next year; San Diego Exposition will be first of its kind . . . an exposition that will be the means of developing the west and of upbuilding San Diego . . . "We have but one single scale on which we weigh the acceptance or rejection of space to an exhibitor. If we can see a future market for the products of that exhibitor within the sphere of influence of this exposition, he is allotted space; if not, we have no space for him at any price."

San Diego Union, January 23, 1914, 3:1. Architect of Utah Building was John Fetzer; structure will cost $30,000.

San Diego Union, January 23, 1914, 5:1. Park Board approves of annual Poppy Day.

San Diego Union, January 24, 1914, 8:1. Big attendance at Fair is assured.

San Diego Union, January 25, 1914, 2:4. Utah to consider state building at Exposition.

San Diego Union, January 25, 1914, 15:1. Counties to rush work at Exposition.

San Diego Union, January 29, 1914, 15:1. Kern and Tulare Counties plan for building and exhibits.

San Diego Sun, January 29, 1914, 2:3. Ten counties of the Sacramento Valley had representatives on the exhibition grounds in Balboa Park today to select a site for the Sacramento Valley Building.

Board of Park Commissioners Minutes, January 30, 1914. General foreman Christopher resigned effective February 14. . . . Board appropriated $7,500 to plaster inside of California State Building, the amount to be deducted from the Fine Arts Building budget.

January 30, 1914, Letter, Bertram Goodhue to J. P. Pendleton, Secretary, Board of Park Commissioners, Panama-California Exposition Papers, San Diego Public Library. Wants to find genuine old bell for Fine Arts Building; Borwn & DeCew Construction Co. have contract for tile work, flooring and decoration of Fine Arts Building.

San Diego Union, January 30, 1914, 11:1. Sacramento Valley spends $75,000 on Exposition; plans and building site.

San Diego Union, January 30, 1914, 20:2. Colorado Counties plan exhibit.

San Diego Sun, January 31, 1914, 11:4. Flag unfurled on top of huge scaffold tower of California Building; 485 feet above sea; engineering work on California Building carried out under the supervision of Samuel Evans, a structural engineer.

San Diego Union, February 1, 1914, 3:2-3. Montana counties raise exhibit fund; commissioners will reach San Diego early this month.

San Diego Union, February 2, 1914, 2:2-5. Hum of industry on Fair grounds; stately buildings and great bridge nearing completion.

San Diego Union, February 2, 1914, 6:3. Park Board says grading will save big sum; propose filling of 15^th Street with earth from new stadium.

San Diego Union, February 5, 1914, 5:1. Property owners want new park named "Fay."

San Diego Union, February 6, 1914, 8:1. W. W. Bowers defends Edwin M. Capps.

San Diego Union, February 6, 1914, II, 11:3. Rousing reception will surprise Colonel Collier; expected home from abroad early next month.

San Diego Union, February 6, 1914, 18:1-2. San Diego real estate bounds as 1915 approaches.

San Diego Union, February 7, 1914, 3:3. California Counties exhibit to be completed by summer; display will represent seven counties of state.

San Diego Union, February 7, 1914, 13:1. San Joaquin Building will be started soon; manager of valley exhibit consults with local Exposition officials; plans now being drawn; will cost about $30,000.

San Diego Union, February 8, 1914, 15:5-6. Cardiff giant --- greatest hoax in history --- offered San Diego Exposition.

San Diego Sun, February 10, 1914, 1:1. Sacramento Valley Committee wants same site John D. Spreckels wants for Organ Pavilion; space in rear of California State Building; threatens not to exhibit.

San Diego Union, February 10, 1914, II, 11:2. Cup for Collier on return home; movement started by Louis J. Wilde to present Exposition worker with token of appreciation.

San Diego Sun, February 12, 1914, 1:5, 7:2. Exposition site is marvel of beauty.

San Diego Union, February 12, 1914, II, 11:1. Collier arrives in New York City.

San Diego Union, February 12, 1914, II, 11:2. Montana commission coming to Exposition.

San Diego Sun, February 14, 1914, 2:1. Funds pouring in for Collier loving cup; idea originated by banker Louis J. Wilde.

San Diego Union, February 14, 1914, 7:1. Park Board transfers $7,500 to California State Building for completion of structure.

San Diego Union, February 15, 1914, 6:1-2. One barren waste now alive with color; Exposition garden spots to be perpetuated.

San Diego Union, February 15, 1914, 13:4. San Diego Marine Band to play in park today.

San Diego Union, February 15, 1914, 16:1. Marston endorses principles of Bull Moose.

San Diego Union, February 16, 1914, 12:3-4. What newspapers say about Exposition.

San Diego Union, February 17, 1914, 5:1. Magnificent cup ordered for Collier.

San Diego Union, February 17, 1914, 5:2-3. What newspapers say about Exposition.

San Diego Union, February 18, 1914, 5:2-3. Realty men view growing wonders of Exposition.

San Diego Union, February 19, 1914, 8:3. Playgrounds opened to general public. . . . Frank P. Marsh, superintendent of the San Diego playgrounds, makes an announcement that is of interest to those who are fond of indoor baseball.

An invitation is extended to all young men in the city who have their evenings free to participate in the games and other athletics and gymnastics at the Rose Park playgrounds, corner of 11^th and I Streets, which are thrown open to general public use on Monday and Saturday evenings from 7 to 9:30 o'clock at no expense to participants.

The playgrounds have well-lighted ball diamonds and gymnasiums. Any wishing games there should communicate with the director of the playgrounds.

Park Commissioners Minutes, February 20, 1914. Carleton M. Winslow instructed to prepare plans for decorative wood ceiling for the hall stairway of the Fine Arts Building at a cost not to exceed $1,200 allowance for same.

San Diego Sun, February 21, 1914, 11:2. Collier expected here March 21; is now in New York.

San Diego Union, February 22, 1914, 11:3-4. Great Exposition bridge will be opened in March.

San Diego Union, February 23, 1914, 15:1. Pinkerton sleuths to watch over Exposition; head of detective bureau arrives in San Diego seeking contract; assures full protection.

San Diego Sun, February 24, 1914, 1:4. Assemblyman Hinkle suggests a government aviation school for Balboa Park during 1915 Exposition: "With a government camp --- perhaps a permanent camp --- in Balboa Park on the Exposition grounds, the government would profit as well as San Diego and the Exposition crowds. The park is considered a splendid site for a camp of this character."

San Diego Sun, February 25, 1914, 1:7. Colonel Collier will probably not return to San Diego until September 1; will spend summer in Washington, DC, and New York, partially on Exposition business and partially on his own business.

San Diego Union, February 27, 1914, 14:1-4. What newspapers say about Exposition.

San Diego Union, March 1, 1914, 1:7. D. C. Collier, guest of Representative Kettner at Army and Navy Club; distinguished officials at capitol gather at dinner to Exposition president.

San Diego Union, March 4, 1914, II, 9:2-5. San Diego scenery vividly portrayed; Lawrence Bowman Clapp's water-color pictures of Exposition grounds riots of delicate color.

San Diego Union, March 5, 1914, 1:1. Council vote is unanimous to dismiss engineer Capps.

San Diego Union, March 5, 1914, 3:4. Realty Board and Exposition directors seek protection of visitors; want hotel rates to be fixed.

San Diego Union, March 5, 1914, 3:6. Montana officials inspect Exposition grounds; report to governor.

San Diego Union, March 8, 1914, 6:1-2. Menageries and strange birds in Balboa Park delight children.

San Diego Union, March 9, 1914, 1:8. Collier retired from Fair work; need of rest reason for leaving office; Exposition president whose wealth and energy helped undertaking will look after business interests; co-workers surprised at announcement; stockholders meeting today for election of Board of Directors.

San Diego Union, March 9, 1914, 16:3. Colonel D. C. Collier, president of the Panama-California Exposition, has resigned from that office in a letter written from Washington, DC, to G. Aubrey Davidson, acting head of the exposition, here today.

Colonel Collier, who has devoted several years to Exposition work, says he needs a rest and that he has not the personal funds to continue the work.

The resignation of Colonel Collier was expected. The Exposition stockholders meet tomorrow in the Administration Building to elect a new Board of Directors. On Friday, the newly elected Board will meet and it is probably that Collier's place will be filled at that time.

(December 5, 1914, "San Diego's Evolutionary Exposition," by Jerre C. Murphy, pp. 20-22. . . . Collier quit only when he could no longer live and work without pay. When he returned to his home city after his retirement from fair work, he was welcomed with a reception by thousands of people and given a loving cup big enough for a water cooler. He returned the compliments with the announcement that he had accepted the presidency of a railroad company organized to build a short route from Denver to San Diego through new territory.)

San Diego Union, March 10, 1914, 1:4 Hot fight over Exposition president; bankers Belcher and Davidson seek office in good-natured contest.

San Diego Union, March 11, 1914, 1:7-8. City to brighten up for Fair; improvements planned; Councilmen outline plans for year; streets to be paved; harbor work to be rushed.

San Diego Union, March 11, 1914, 1:8. Exposition stockholders elect two new members on Board of Directors; Belcher leads in race for presidency of Fair; no action taken on Collier's successor.

San Diego Union, March 11, 1914, 3:1. Belcher expected to get Exposition place; elections of M. F. Heller and Julius Wangenheim to succeed L. S. McLure and I. I. Irving on Board of Directors give Belcher required number of votes.

San Diego Union, March 11, 1914. 7:3-5. Taxpayers oppose big Exposition sign.

Park Commissioners Minutes, March 13, 1914. The Superintendent reported the Mr. John D. Spreckels has selected the "Old Howard site" in Balboa Park as the location for the Organ Music Pavilion and that he was ready to proceed with the work; Superintendent instructed to permit said Pavilion to be erected upon the "Old Howard site," provided that Mr. Spreckels could not be persuaded to place it in a better location; this Board to do the excavating and grading at the expense of Mr. Spreckels.

San Diego Examiner, March 13, 1914, 1:3-5. Hot row in Exposition camp; Davidson attributes loss of presidency to hostility of liquor-selling interests.

San Diego Union, March 13, 1914, 1:5. Rivals for Exposition place in last lap; question of "wet" or "dry" may hang over today's election, but this was not admitted by the backers of either candidate.

San Diego Union, March 13, 1914, 1:7. Federation of State Societies plans to conduct flower-planting campaign.

San Diego Union, March 13, 1914, 8:1. Collier's plans are uncertain; C. A. Richardson, former business manager, saw him in Chicago . . . In a letter to Exposition Board, Collier said his finances became in such a shape that last July he was forced to accept an allowance to carry on his work.

San Diego Union, March 13, 1914, II, 9:4. Collier predicts big success for Fair; Board meeting today.

San Diego Union, March 14, 1914, 1:1. Stockholders to elect Fair head by vote; election set for April 10; friction eliminated at harmonious meeting.

San Diego Union, March 15, 1914, 1:2-6. San Diego railroad station assured; Company adopts final plans.

San Diego Union, March 15, 1914, III, 1:2-4. Mission Theater to show story of early fathers at Fair.

San Diego Union, March 16, 1914, 1:1. Belcher withdraws name on account of fear that contest may develop bitterness.

San Diego Union, March 16, 1914, 7:1. Princess Tsianina, Indian soprano, scorns modern fashions; gives concert at Spreckels today.

San Diego Union, March 16, 1914, 7:1. Great bridge across Cabrillo Canyon is ready for use today; within 30 days main group of Exposition buildings will be completed and ready for installation of exhibits.

San Diego Union, March 17, 1914, 4:1. EDITORIAL: A Public-Spirited Act.

San Diego Union, March 17, 1914, 8:5. Work on Organ Pavilion begun.

San Diego Union, March 18, 1914, 3:5. City treasurer denies rumor of Exposition funds being exhausted; Stewart says that $698,000 remains in cash surplus and bonds.

San Diego Union, March 21, 1914, 1:2-4, 18:4. Davidson unanimously elected Exposition president today at meeting of Board of Directors on nomination of Frank J. Belcher.

San Diego Union, March 21, 1914, 4:1. EDITORIAL: Beautifying for Exposition Year.

San Diego Union, March 21, 1914, 5:4. H. R. Schmohl, Exposition artist, talks to teachers on clay modeling.

San Diego Union, March 21, 1914, II, 9:1. Large Exposition crowd predicted.

San Diego Sun, March 24, 1914, 1:1-2. Exposition buildings rapidly filling with exhibits; every large structure on grounds to be completed next week; parking to be done September 1; thousands of trees and shrubs growing; how millions of visitors will reach grounds; General Traffic Managers of transcontinental railways say San Diego must be prepared to handle a minimum of 6 million visitors, including those who will come from the east, from California, from states nearby and through the Panama Canal.

San Diego Union, March 24, 1914, 1:4-6. Santa Fe exhibit shows model of Indian pueblo.

San Diego Union, March 24, 1914, II, 9:1. Old mission bells at Fair true to original.

San Diego Sun, March 25, 1914, 12:3. Federation Trade Council voted to send letters to every labor union in Arizona urging them to push the initiative for a state building and exhibit here during 1915.

San Diego Union, March 25, 1914, 5:2. Fair hotel rates assured 1915 visitors; local organizations adopt resolution to keep prices reasonable.

San Diego Union, March 25, 1914, 14:2. Utah building plans received by Fair men. . . . Designs for the Utah Building at the San Diego Exposition arrived today from the offices of Canson and Fetzer, architects of Salt Lake City. When approved by the Buildings and Grounds Committee of the Exposition and Director General Davis, work will be begun on this structure, which will be one of the most pleasing of the buildings in the states' section of the Exposition.

Members of the Southern California Counties Commission came to San Diego yesterday to inspect the building of the southern counties, which has just been completed and is now ready to be turned over by the contractor to the commission. Manager Wilson of the commission accompanied the commissioners and reported to Exposition officials that he is preparing to begin the installation of exhibits in the building at an early date.

Work will be begun in a few days on the ranch bungalow to be built on the model ranch of the Southern California Counties. The groves of citrus and deciduous trees are thriving wonderfully and a most remarkable growth will be shown by these trees in 1915.

San Diego Sun, March 26, 1914, 12:4. Railways make rates for Exposition; one-way fare will be changed from mid-continental points; this would mean a $50 round trip fare from Omaha, Kansas City, St. Joseph or Atchison to San Francisco, Oakland, Los Angeles or San Diego; $57.50 from St. Louis; $59.25 from Peoria; $62.50 from Chicago.

San Diego Herald, March 26, 1914, 5:5. Exposition Notes.

San Diego Union, March 26, 1914, 16:1. Fire Department to boost Exposition; members will send 50,000 picture cards showing station on grounds; building work is rushed.

Park Commissioners Minutes, March 27, 1914. Oregon State Building Committee asked Board for permission to erect a permanent building on the Exposition grounds in Balboa Park; Board advised Committee they did not have the power to grant their request. . . . Mr. A. B. Christopher returned to position of General Foreman of Balboa Park.

San Diego Sun, March 27, 1914, 2:1. Great Exposition will typify man's work; accomplishments of man since world began will be featured here; work of cavemen, aborigine, 20^th century inventor and an outline of future developments on the Pacific Coast and in the California southland.

San Diego Union, March 28, 1914, EXPOSITION SECTION

3:1. Temple of Music [Organ Pavilion} to be beautiful structure

3:2-4. School children enlisted in local booster's ranks

3:5-7 Mirth to hold sway on Isthmus at Exposition

4:1. Seven Latin American countries to exhibit at Exposition

San Diego Union, March 28, 1914, 1:6-7, 3:1-3. San Diegans ready to celebrate Harbor Day.

San Diego Union, March 28, 1914, 4:1. EDITORIAL: Why Harbor Day Is Observed.

San Diego Union, March 28, 1914, 11:2-5, 12:1. Panama-California Fair is magnificent triumph of art and enthusiasm; 3,000 palms transplanted. . . . In bringing the friends of San Diego in other cities abreast of the vast work in progress on the grounds of the Panama-California Exposition, it is of first importance to tell them that the great reinforced bridge across Cabrillo Canyon, that most spectacular piece of construction, on which scores of men have been so busy for so many months, is at last completed. What this means can only begin to be realized by those who have followed to some extent the course of building, who have seen first the great skeleton of lumber creeping day by day and foot by foot across the canyon, then the solid concrete, as it were, creeping after.

Spanning a canyon 136 (?) feet and 1010 feet wide at the brink, this monumental structure consists of seven concrete arches, supported on fourteen huge concrete pillars carried by caissons down to bedrock beneath the soil. Each pier carried a load of 1,000,000 pounds and 1,000,000 board feet of lumber were required for the forms alone.

The west entrance to the grounds will be at this bridge, and it is certain that no traveler crossing there in 1915, with the magnificent buildings of the Exposition before him, the incomparable sweep of the city and sea and harbor in the offing, the green canyon beneath him and the California sky above, can fail to feel that he is reaping a beautiful and inspiring reward for his journey.

The central architectural feature of the Exposition will be the California Building, at the east end of the Cabrillo Bridge. In this building, the appropriation for which is $250,000, the state will have a structure second only to the state capitol at Sacramento in architectural beauty. The structure will be permanent and will be used for all time as an institution for the preservation of historical records and objects.

Like practically all the buildings of the San Diego Exposition, the state building will be designed on the Spanish Colonial type. A great dome, decorated with ornate colored tile, will surmount the main portion, and a tower at one corner and wings and arcades around it will further enhance the beauty and balance of its proportions.

The buildings of the main group, on several of which the elaborate staff work of the exterior is entirely finished, in the order of their beginning are the Home Science Building, on the north side of the Prado and cornering on the Plaza to the east; the Arts and Crafts Building; the Science and Education Building; the Agricultural Buildings; the Southern California Counties Building; and the sixth is the state building. Opposite this will be the Arts Building, also of concrete, the cost of which will be $200,000.

Many structures for exhibitors and concessionaires are underway, and seven state buildings are expected to be completed by the middle of 1914.

The Exposition site, with its rolling hills and canyons, lends itself peculiarly to road effects and artistic grading. A vast amount of this work has already been done. Prados and avenues and walks, completed many months ago, have been gradually lined and hidden in trees and bushes and all manner of green things.

One of the greatest triumphs of the Exposition is its nursery and horticultural work. In 1911, at the very outset of this great enterprise, the nursery was started, under Paul G. Thiene, and in it all the plant life, exotic growths from the tropics for the great conservatory, native trees and shrubs for landscape effects and the grounds about the buildings and wild flowering vines and creepers to deck the canyons have been grown and cared for.

In horticulture and landscaping, the Panama-California Exposition has an unparalleled advantage over previous Expositions, owing to the mildness of the climate and the prevailing freedom from frost. Thiene and his assistants have made the best of this advantage and the landscape effects, formal as well as wild and free, even now are of surpassing beauty and the wonder of eastern visitors.

In the nursery, which covers thirty-five acres of propagation beds and over one-hundred acres of growing beds, millions of plants have been propagated. Seven millions was the last figure shown by the books of the department.

In the enormous task of planting trees and older palms along the streets and avenues, the heaviest machinery has been employed. More than 3,000 palms, several of them with the earth around the roots seventy tons, have already been transplanted long distances and replanted.

In the transplanting of trees and the setting out of shrubs and vines from the nursery beds, every acres is treated with a full sense of its artistic possibilities. On the picnic grounds, for instance, overlooking Spanish Canyon, where one of the finest views of the buildings is afforded, the pepper trees are so distributed that every few rods as one walks along the paths, an opening is left and in it is framed one of the magnificent buildings on the Prado.

One section of the pepper grove is planted in Scotch heather, another in lippia grass, another in delicate vines, another in lawn. These plants are still young, but the ultimate beauty and variety of the effect, as it will appear a year from now, is very apparent.

Some of the more formal work surrounding the buildings which are completed or nearly so, has already been begun, and walking down the Prado, the visitor gets touches here and there suggestive of what a triumph, both architectural and horticultural, that delightful little treat is going to be. Slender Italian cypress stand like sentinels on either side of the entrances of the Home Economy Building, tender young vines are creeping up the walls, and brilliant shrubs find a striking background in the gray plaster.

The most extensive piece of planting for exhibition purposes is in the groves and gardens of the counties of Southern California. In one section are 700 of the finest two-year old citrus trees that could be gathered in the citrus belt, and it is more than probable that these trees are the finest in the world today. There is also a deciduous grove, and next to it formal gardens surrounded by berry vines, the whole making a Southern California scene complete it is beauty.

This exhibit and smaller ones of its kind will combine to show the results of irrigation and intensive farming at their best, as they have never been shown before. The entire tract is surrounded by a pergola, upon which climb roses and many other kinds of blooming vines. In the heart of the whole are being erected several typical California bungalows, as the crowning touches to complete the effect of a California rancher's domain.

In addition to all the other horticultural features, there is the Horticultural Building, a huge structure of glass and lath, in which will be shown the more delicate and valuable tropical specimens, of which a great number and variety are growing and being cared for in the nursery.

This house, which is now well on toward completion, is 600 feet square and 100 feet high. It is so planned that it will be regarded and sought out as one of the most delightful of public gathering places, where, if desired, band concerts may be given in the afternoon.

Wherever necessary to the completion of landscape effects, there will be lagoons in which water lilies and aquatic life of every description will be allowed to grow wild. In the canyon beneath the Cabrillo Bridge has been built a dam that will impound enough water to strengthen the effect of the bridge. On the opposite side of the grounds, there will be a deeper and much more extensive lagoon, winding its way through the center of the grounds up to a bulkhead on the Prado.

This extensive body of water will be utilized for the demonstration of aquatic materials, and an exhibition of flying boats that will operate between the grounds and San Diego harbor.

In a project of the magnitude of the San Diego Exposition, there are so many departments, so many features, so many angles from which to view it that no brief description can begin to give an adequate idea of what is being done and what is yet to be done there. After all is said and done, only a visit in 1915 will tell the whole story.

San Diego Union, March 29, 1914, 1:8, 2:1-2. Thousands join in city's first Harbor Day.

San Diego Union, March 29, 1914, 1:6-7. Assistant Secretary of the Navy to visit San Diego, April 11.

San Diego Sun, March 30, 1914, 1:5-7, 2. Charlie Collier's Coming Back . . . Stories have been printed in the northern papers alluding to Collier as "broke" and "stranded" among strangers in New York --- all more or less true.

Collier isn't exactly broke --- he may save something out of the wreck when things are finally adjusted.

"Was the toboggan greased for Collier?," is a question you hear asked a lot.

"Yes and no," was the answer of a "loyal" San Diegan. "They didn't plot to get Charlie down and then stamp on him, but they let him drift into financial trouble, and when he got there, there were certain folks here who would have liked to be crowned king in his place."

Close friends of Collier deny the toboggan was greased for him. They say he was merely "spoiled," that he was cheered on, that he went ahead on work for the exposition, and just neglected his personal affairs until hard times came.

At present Collier is not suffering. He has enough to live on modestly and is at work in the east, keeping his head above water.

Collier hasn't touched a drop of liquor since October.

Several big eastern concerns, realizing Collier's worth as a promoter, are said to have offered him good positions which he has refused because he is coming back to San Diego to start anew.

Whatever it is, he'll do it with the same energetic, buoyant spirit that made the exposition possible.

Weeks ago Collier's many friends chipped in to buy him a loving cup. The cup was bought --- it awaits his coming. Those who are Collier's friends are waiting to say "Good boy, Charlie. We know how you tried. And we know what you've done. And we want to thank you for it and help you in every way we can."

For Collier, a giant in physique and a man of resolute will and volcanic of disposition, had beneath the rougher surface the soul of a poet and in his moments of repose the soft, gentle heart of a child.

From a struggling young lawyer, a product of the west, he arose by sheer pluck to be the most talked of man in Southern California --- had he loved San Diego less --- had he watched his own affairs, as he could easily have done, he might have been one of California's wealthiest men.

But --- well anyway he didn't do that.

It will take a long time for San Diego to forget Collier.

San Diego Union, March 31, 1914, 7:1. Lantern slides to advertise Fair.

San Diego Union, April 1, 1914, 3:2-3. City Seal, designed by Carleton M. Winslow, accepted by city.

San Diego Union, April 1, 1914, 8. Douglas MacKinnon, Superintendent of Schools, recommended that one of the Exposition buildings be moved to north end of park and used as a high school after the Exposition.

San Diego Union, April 1, 1914, 9:2. Oil painting to D. C. Collier painted by Charles A. De Lisle-Holland; tribute to Collier published in Real Estate and Building News of Los Angeles.

San Diego Union, April 1, 1914, II, 1:1. 600 passenger agents to visit Fair site in November; Bertram G. Goodhue arrived from New York yesterday; is pleased with progress made on buildings and their appearance.

San Diego Sun, April 2, 1914, 11:1. Assemblyman Hinkle wants great university on Exposition site; plan endorsed by G. A. Davidson and F. J. Belcher. . . . Belcher: "It would be a shame to wreck a single one of these exposition buildings. I am heartily in accord with the movement and believe it would be one of the best things that ever happened to San Diego." . . . Davidson: "We should have a Southwestern Agricultural College."

San Diego Union, April 2,1914, II, 1:5. Collier will be home this month; big reception planned.

April 3, 1914, Letter, Bertram G. Goodhue, U. S. Grant Hotel, San Diego, Cal., to John Forward, Jr., Union Tile & Trust Company, San Diego, Cal. . . . Panama-California Exposition, Box 3, Folder 1, San Diego Public Library.

My dear Mr. Forward:

You will remember I spoke to you the other day regarding what seems, to me at least, a matter of considerable importance.

The original allowance for the Fine Arts Building was $150,000, this to include, of course, the architect's commissions. This sum was afterwards reduced, and though the haziness involved led me astray, I thought that the building, as finally worked out in its original form, could be built for very nearly, if not quite, the allowance definitely fixed upon, of $125,000. Coming here last June, I found that, in the opinion of the Director of Works, an opinion based no doubt upon careful calculation, the building could be expected to cost, with the architect's commissions, well over $140,000. At a meeting held immediately before my starting East, Col. Collier proposed that I make a complete new set of working drawings and specifications for a building to cost, including the architect's commissions, $125,000; --- that he personally was in favor of ruling that in case I failed to have such a set of plans and specifications back here within six weeks from the date of the meeting, the project be abandoned and I think no payment to be made me therefor.

After considerable natural hesitation and resentment, I finally acceded to this scheme, --- performed my part of the agreement faithfully and well, so faithfully and well as it transpired that the new set of plans and specifications were let to a general contractor of $91,500, or thereabouts. To this sum has been added $3,000 for what both I and, I believe, the Park Board hold necessary to make the building what it should be as to its interior. There has also been made an allowance, not yet expended, of $5,000 for the interior furnishing of the little Mission chapel, strictly speaking no chargeable against the building. These two items, with the contract price, making a total of --- say --- $100,00 [sic]. In other words, I have saved the Park Board in the actual cost of the building, or rather the Park Board and the Exhibition itself, since my commissions are paid by the latter, $25,000.

But to do this necessitated a very considerable expense on my part, and the time allowed, six weeks, was all too short in which to do the work, so that a large force of men worked overtime.

The cost to me of making this second set of drawings was $3,811.95. My purpose in writing this letter is to ask you and your fellow members of the Park Board if, in your opinion, this amount should not be allowed me, for it is now evident that the estimates prepared on the first set of drawings were quite incorrect, and that the original building could have been built, including the architect's commissions, for the $125,000 originally allowed, and that the responsibility involved cannot by any manner of reason be laid at my door.

Trusting, sir, that you and the other members of the Park Board, and those in authority of the Exhibition Executive Board, will see the matter in the same light as I --- indeed believing that it cannot be viewed in no other light, I remain

Very faithfully yours,

(Signed) Bertram G. Goodhue.

April 4, 1914, Letter, Bertram Goodhue to John Forward, Jr., The California Limited: Santa Fe, En Route.

. . . handwritten

My dear Mr. Forward

In my letter to you of yesterday - written directly on the typewriter from hasty dictation - I made a misstatement which I wish to correct.

The figure that terminates the first paragraph on the second page includes my assumed commission of approximately $7000.00, which, of course, it should not.

Will you be good enough, therefore, to cross out the $25,000.00 and put, in its place, $18,000.00.

Regretting the error, which arose from the fact that I was dictating hastily before leaving for my train --- and the necessity of imposing upon you the task of puzzling our my own handwriting --- always illegible enough but doubly so on a moving train, I remain,

Very faithfully yours,

(Signed) Bertram G. Goodhue

(2 West 47 St., New York, NY)

San Diego Sun, April 4, 1914, 1:1. Gordon Decker and George L. Barney, members of a committee appointed by a San Diego Realty Board, want a plot of ground in the city park for the propagation of trees, flowers and shrubs; Forward, chairman of the Park Board, is in favor.

San Diego Union, April 4, 1914, 5:5. Marston resigns from Water Commission; trip lasting from May until November abroad given as reason.

San Diego Union, April 4, 1914, II, 9:1-2. Frank P. Allen evolves plan to assist campaign for beautiful San Diego in 1915; prepares list of things for year ornamentation which he will present at floral mass meeting Tuesday.

April 6, 1914, Letter, John F. Forward, Jr., San Diego, Calif., to Bertram G. Goodhue, New York City.

Dear Mr. Goodhue:-

I acknowledge receipt of yours of April 3^rd and April 4^th, 1914, relating to the Architect's fee on the Fine Arts Building in Balboa Park. I believe all of the matters you mention were conducted by the Board of Directors of the Panama-California Exposition and not by the Park Board, hence I do not feel that I am well enough acquainted with the situation at this time to commit myself. I will take the matter up within the next few days with Mr. F. J. Belcher, Chairman of the Executive Board of out Exposition, in order that I may get their side of the story. I do not see how anything can be done in the matter at this time. It seems to me it should go over to the end of the year and then be taken up along with the other questions pertaining to extra allowances. As stated, I will consult with Mr. Belcher and advise you further during the week.

Yours very truly,

President,

BOARD OF PARK COMMISSIONERS.

San Diego Union, April 6, 1914, 14:1. Splendid exhibit by Southern California Counties; buildings near finish.

San Diego Sun, April 8, 1914, 1:4. Collier coming home on April 17; great reception planned; writes from Lake Charles, La., where he is representing San Diego at a good roads convention, from there he goes to Chicago.

San Diego Union, April 8, 1914, 5:3. Russian Village at Fair planned.

San Diego Union, April 8, 1914, 6:5. Turnstiles ready for Exposition; admission will be charged soon; recording machines secured for employees.

San Diego Union, April 8, 1914, 7:1. Nevada Building will be started at once.

San Diego Herald, April 9, 1914, 4:2. When Charlie Collier comes home.

San Diego Sun, April 9, 1914, 2:4. Supervisors and commissioners of seven Southern California Counties arrive to inspect completed building today; cost approximately $45,000.

San Diego Union, April 9, 1914, 3:2-3. Fred de Lonchamp, Nevada state architect, to draw up plans for building.

San Diego Union, April 9, 1914, 6:4. Fay again requests that park buy water; Council denies petition previously defeated; Department demands return.

Park Commissioners Minutes, April 10, 1914. Messrs. Masten, Harris and Williams, representing the 6^th Street property owners, appeared before the Board and presented agreements for the completion of the 6^th Street Boulevard from Juniper to Hawthorne Streets; said agreements, have been corrected, were approved by the Board. . . . "Second Revised Plans and Specifications for the Completion of 6^th Street Boulevard between Juniper Street and Date Street," accepted.

San Diego Sun, April 10, 1914, 1:3-6. Citizens oppose charge at Exposition; declare Fair officials are making a serious mistake.

San Diego Union, April 10, 1914, 3:2. Supervisors of seven Southern California Counties lunch at Exposition; gathering held in newly completed building.

San Diego Union, April 10, 1914, 4:10. Rotary Club to advertise Exposition by big Golden Wheel, costing $10,000; to be sent to 115 cities in United States and England.

San Diego Sun, April 11, 1914, 2:1. Park Board agreed last night to leave 20 feet of ground on west side of 6^th Street between the south line of Juniper and the north line of Hawthorn, which is in front of the Gay, Frary and Mulvey places, and also agreed to erect a cobblestone retaining wall along the east side of the cut between Hawthorn and Ivy streets; four law suits pending in Supreme Court and Superior Court to be dismissed; road will be completed immediately.

San Diego Sun, April 11, 1914, 11:4-5. Director of Works Allen not charging to make money; irresponsible people are hindering workmen and destroying flowers; if admission remained free, a watchman would be needed.

San Diego Union, April 12, 1914, 3:1. San Diego ready to receive Franklin D. Roosevelt, Assistant Secretary of the Navy.

San Diego Union, April 12, 1914, 3:2. Picture of symbolic seal for Exposition and its originator, Charles A. de Lisle-Holland; Miss Vance Burnett-Tabor, granddaughter of California's first governor, posed for central figure of seal

San Diego Union, April 12, 1914, 3:6. G. A. Davidson, "father of Exposition."

San Diego Sun, April 13, 1914, 1:7-8. Exposition directors will weigh matter of charging admission before taking action.

San Diego Sun, April 13, 1914, 9:1-2. Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Franklin D. Roosevelt, promises great naval pageant here in 1915; Navy Department is planning to establish two new regiments of the Marine Corps on the Pacific coast and San Diego stands an excellent chance of being made the base of operations; Roosevelt arrived yesterday and will leave tonight; took automobile tour of the city with Colonel Fred Jewell.

San Diego Union, April 13, 1914, 1:1, 2:5-6. Franklin D. Roosevelt. Assistant Secretary of the Navy, visits Exposition; his automobile was first to cross Cabrillo Bridge on April 12; Mayor Charles F. O'Neall, G. Aubrey Davidson, Colonel Fred Jewell and Lieutenant Commander G. C. Sweet were passengers; Roosevelt says San Diego will become great naval base

San Diego Union, April 13, 1914, 5:2-3. Gold Wheel ready to roll; Fairs will be advertised; Rotarian ready for international journey starting from San Diego

San Diego Union, April 14, 1914, 1:4-5, 3:5-6. Democrats laud memory of party's founder at Jefferson Day banquet; Assistant Secretary of Navy calls San Diego third Pacific naval base; promises fleet; President Wilson coming to San Diego Fair.

San Diego Union, April 14, 1914, II, 9:2. Demonstration of loving citizens to greet Colonel Collier.

San Diego Union, April 15, 1914, 7:1. Superintendent MacKinnon working for full university course at High School; Board of Education wants to use Fair building for a municipal college.

San Diego Union, April 15, 1914, II. 9:3. Kate Sessions scores assessor, city officials.

April 16, 1914, Letter, Bertram Goodhue, New York, to John F. Forward, San Diego.

Dear Mr. Forward:

Of course the whole question of an architect's compensation for abandoned plans and specifications is unusual and one demanding special consideration.

In the case of the Fine Arts Building, however, it is not distinctly proved that had the abandoned plans been figured upon by contractors, the cost of the building would have proved sufficiently below the allotted cost for the building to have been begun forthwith, thus saving at least two months time, perhaps more, as well as, naturally, providing San Diego with a larger and better building than the one now being erected from the second set of plans.

The original motion to abandon the first set and to direct me to prepare a second set in a given space of time came from Col. Collier. If he is now in San Diego, I trust you will bring this letter to his attention, for I am quite sure I can count upon his support.

You are quite right in supposing that this motion of Col. Collier's was made at a meeting of the Exposition Directors, though, as I remember it, members of both the Park Board and the State Commission were present.

You will forgive me for differing with you in thinking that something can be done at this time, for the fact remains that between the sum authorized and the sum now being expended, there is a difference of about $18,000, so that to pay me the $3811.95 I ask for entails no hardship to anybody in San Diego, while the withholding of this sum from me seems at least from my point of view to be a serious injustice, as well as hardship, to your architect.

There is at present owing me on various accounts in connection with my work on the Fair about $15,000 and I am beginning very distinctly to feel pinched in consequence.

Trusting that Mr. Belcher and Col. Collier will confirm my view, and that you will see it in the same light, I remain,

Very faithfully yours,

(Signed) Bertram G. Goodhue.

San Diego Union, April 16, 1914, II, 9:1. President Wilson invited to San Diego by Ad Club for inspection of 1915 armada.

San Diego Sun, April 17, 1914, 9:1. Directors decide to bar those who haven't 25 cents after May 1.

San Diego Union, April 17, 1914, 3:4. Kettner demands $100,000 for San Diego Fair. . . . Washington, April 16. Congressman Kettner of San Diego has threatened the passage of the bill to appropriate $500,000 for a government building at the San Francisco Exposition by planning to introduce an amendment to appropriate $100,000 for a government building at the San Diego Exposition.

This was not contemplated in the president's recommendation to congress and if the amendment is offered a fight will be precipitated on the bill, which will jeopardize its passage through the house.

Congressman Sherley of Kentucky, who opposed an appropriation for San Francisco at the last session of congress, served notice on Congressman Kahn that he intended to oppose the pending bill.

A subcommittee on the house committee on Expositions has been working to perfect a bill under which the San Francisco government Exposition building will be a permanent edifice, to be turned over to the war department for the Presidio administration officers after the Exposition.

The complication interjected by Congressman Kettner has halted their work and the bill probably will stand in abeyance until the matter is fought out in committee.

San Diego Union, April 17, 1914, 7:1. Exposition to ask for $250,000 for U. S. exhibit.

San Diego Sun, April 18, 1914, 6:1-2. Davidson explains why Exposition gates will close; need for protection not only to the Exposition building and grounds but for the exhibitors and concessionaires.

San Diego Union, April 18, 1914, 3:1. Colonel Collier to get giant reception; plan presentation ceremonies at Spreckels theater; loving cup ready.

San Diego Union, April 18, 1914, 3:5. Closing of gates at Exposition justified; 25 cents admission to be charged.

San Diego Union, April 18, 1914, 3:5. Santa Fe exhibit work commenced.

San Diego Union, April 18, 1914, 7:4. Montana exhibit assured by donation.

San Diego Sun, April 21, 1914, 1 (whole page). U. S. force put ashore at Vera Cruz; on to Mexico City if necessary.

San Diego Union, April 21, 1913, 3:2. Collier reception stirs interest of throngs; civic, commercial and fraternal organizations to join in greeting.

San Diego Sun, April 22, 1914, 1:3-4. Colonel Collier comes today; great welcome is planned; Mayor O'Neall, Rufus Choate, F. J. Lea, G. Aubrey Davidson, C. A. Richardson, Louis J. Wilde and Carl Heilbron went to Los Angeles to greet Collier today.

San Diego Union, April 22, 1914, 1:5-6, 4:6-7. Record-smashing welcome awaits Colonel Collier.

San Diego Herald, April 23, 1914, 1:3-4. D. C. Collier, president Southwest Pacific Railway; announcement made at his reception.

San Diego Sun, April 23, 1914, 8:1-2. Hundreds Greet Collier, He Heads New Railroad . . . Colonel Collier's homecoming was spectacular. Never before has such a reception been accorded to a citizen of San Diego upon his return to the city. When Collier reached the Grant Hotel, escorted by the Conquistadors of the Order of Panama, so many packed into the lobby to shake his hand that the colonel cold hardly make his way to the elevator.

It was the same way at the Spreckels Theater. Hundreds flocked there to hear the colonel's address and see the loving cup presented.

Mrs. Collier sat in John D. Spreckels' box with her two young sons and O.J. Slough and wife.

Collier's announcement was that he had been made president of the new Southwest Pacific Railway, which will run from Denver to San Diego through the Colorado River basin. The railroad will be incorporated in about three weeks and will connect at Seeley with the San Diego and Arizona. Louis J. Wilde presented the cup.

San Diego Sun, April 23, 1914, 9:5-6. Davidson declares war with Mexico will not hamper the Exposition.

San Diego Union, April 23, 1914, 1:4, 8:2-5. Collier will bring railroad from Denver to coal world's ships in Harbor of the Sun for shipment abroad and for development of a steel mill in San Diego; devoted host greets glad tidings with acclaim at monster reception; Collier absent nearly ten months; Directors accepted his resignation as Director, March 13, 1914; has accepted presidency of Southwest Pacific Railway.

Park Commissioners Minutes, April 24, 1914. Secretary instructed to order 12 elk, 10 does and 2 bucks, from California Academy of Sciences at $3.00 per head to cover incidental expenses.

San Diego Examiner, April 24, 1914, 1:1-2. Collier is given greatest ovation in history of city.

San Diego Union, April 24, 1914, 8:1. Collier's dream of Exposition fulfilled; hurries to view progress made during absence.

San Diego Union, April 25, 1914, 1:1, 5:2-3. Enthusiasm keynote of Order of Panama session; tributes pour upon Colonel Collier from admirers.

San Diego Union, April 26, 1914, 16:1. Montana Building at Exposition assured; former Senator W. A. Clark of that State donated $10,000 toward fund for suitable building.

April 27, 1914, Letter Carleton M. Winslow to Board of Park Commissioners, Panama-California Exposition Papers, San Diego Public Library: Winslow has picked up two altar candlesticks and a cross at an auction which he is having re-gilt and re-antiqued for Chapel; has ordered old Spanish bell from S. E. Benoliel & Co. in Gibraltar for turret at cost of $75.00; light reflectors for Fine Arts Building, cost $234.00.

San Diego Union, April 27, 1914, II, 9:1. Collier's heart is touched by tributes.

San Diego Union, April 29, 1914, 8:5-6. Moreland firm arranges for motor truck exhibit.

San Diego Union, April 29, 1914, 9:4. T. H. Shore, president of Ad Club of San Diego; article on plan to boost San Diego and Exposition throughout country.

San Diego Union, April 30, 1914, 5:6. Fire apparatus coming for Fair; City and Exposition will cooperate to purchase equipment.

San Diego Sun, May 2, 1914, 11:7-8. Alice Klauber: Spirit of people here must made Exposition have a lasting influence. Just what in artistic matters can be hope from our own Fair? Cites mural decorators employed on the fair grounds at San Francisco --- Frank Brangwyn, Edward Symons, Robert Reid, Child Hassam, Jules Guerin, Dodge, and Brothers Du Mond. Wants an exhibition of artists of the Southwest in San Diego.

San Diego Union, May 2, 1914, 12:1. Plea for western art at Fair entered; San Diego Exposition site should prove more inspiring than San Francisco; lasting effect great; if advertising alone were sought, futurist exhibit would do the trick, by Alice Klauber.

San Diego Union, May 3, 1914, 7:3-4. Exposition builders exchange signs concession contracts.

San Diego Union, May 4, 1914, 5:4-5. Children's Home rich blessing for unfortunate "little ones"; history traced.

San Diego Sun, May 6, 1914, 12:1. City votes $1.5 million in water bonds to buy dam at Morena; harbor bonds for $400,000 also insured by overwhelming vote.

San Diego Union, May 6, 1914, 1:8. Harbor and water bonds sweep city 6-1/2 to 1.

San Diego Union, May 7, 1914, 1:3. Committee on Industrial Arts and Expositions of the House of Representatives reported a bill setting aside a $100,000 governmental appropriation for U.S. exhibit at the Panama-California Exposition; exhibit will showcase development, irrigation and other subjects interesting to the west and southwest.

San Diego Union, May 7, 1914, 9:1. E. P. Ripley, president of Santa Fe Railroad, speaks on how Santa Fe will handle crowds at Exposition.

E. P. Ripley, president of the Santa Fe Railway, and William Woodhead, president of the Association Advertising Clubs of American and owner o f Sunset Magazine, were the guests of honor at the Ad Club meeting in the Panorama Roof Garden yesterday noon. A large number of representative businessmen were present as guests of the club and the attendance was probably the biggest the local men have ever had at a regular meeting.

Woodhead, in his talk, showed the growth of the Ad Club movement and explained what was being done by the various clubs in cities throughout the United States. He told of the work for honest, believable advertising that is being accomplished by the Associated Clubs, not so much from a moral standpoint, but from a standpoint of good business.

"The Associated Advertising Clubs," said Woodhead, "have a membership of over 11,000, and there is a club in practically every large city in the United States. The work done by these organizations, too, is along constructive lines, because the time for preaching has passed.

"A few weeks ago I was in Toronto and was astounded at the preparations that have been made by the Toronto Ad Club for taking care of the convention which is to be held in that city next month. When the time comes for opening, everything will be in readiness for what I believe will be one of the best conventions that we have ever had for this purpose. The Pacific coast expects to be well represented and I believe can accomplish a great deal. I am glad to know that the Ad Club of San Diego will send a representative delegation and can assure you that great benefits will result from their meeting with the delegates of other clubs at Toronto.

"Besides delegates from the principal cities in the United States, there will be present at the convention twenty-five delegates from the Hawaiian Islands. There will also be forty delegates from England, as well as delegates from Australian, South America and South Africa. By your delegates meeting these men, as well as the other delegates from the United States and Canada, much good can be accomplished for San Diego and your Exposition. The publicity that can be got will be invaluable."

Ripley made a decided hit with his talk, which was entirely impromptu. He told how he had been playing golf all morning and expected to leave in the afternoon and had been invited to the meeting with the understanding he was not to talk.

"I believe you will have a great many people here during Exposition year," said Ripley. "Probably not so many as some have estimated. This morning a man asked me if we could handle 40,000 people a day and I asked him whether he thought you could take care of them. I believe we will be able to handle the crowds all right."

Ripley emphasized the importance of advertising our Exposition, letting people in the east known what we had here. His talk was interspersed with several stories.

(The balance of the article discusses the Ad Club Joy Festival to be held at Wonderland, the Pacific Coast Division annual meetings, and routine business.)

San Diego Union, May 8, 1914, 8:5-6. Educated Indian embarrasses interviewer; six braves from San Ildefonso Pueblo arrive at Exposition grounds.

The first installment of "exhibits" for the Panama-California Exposition arrived yesterday in the form of six stalwart braves from the Ildefonso Pueblo, twenty-five miles north of Santa Fe on the Rio Grande. They are the advance guard of the Santa Fe Railway's tribes that will inhabit the "Painted Desert" near the north entrance to the grounds.

The Indians are not here entirely as exhibits. They have work ahead of them. For the last ten days the preliminary work on the reservation has been in progress, and now it devolves on the redmen to mix the adobe and plaster it over the frameworks of their dwellings and the long adobe wall which will surround the "desert."

The Indians are headed by a peaceful looking brave who wears among other garments a gorgeous beaded vest. His hair is work in two long braids on the tips of which are fastened strips of fur. He is an exhibit in himself. His name is Julian Martinez, according to the spokesman, Florentino Martinez, who identified the others as Crescentio Martinez, Juan Cruz Rival, Alfonso Rival, and Donetius Sanchez.

An interviewer approached Florentino and began his conversation in his best Indian.

"What 'em name?," he queried.

Florentino answered with grunts, and the interviewer set down the names in order. The last name he misspelled. Florentino looked at the slip of paper impatiently.

"Oh, no," he said, "that name is spelled S-A-N-C-H-E-Z."

It developed that Florentino had been in school for many years and had an education considerably above the average.

The Indians will live in the tents erected just inside the reservation, but will be kept at work most of the time, according to Jesse Nusbaum, the Santa Fe agent in charge of them. Nusbaum started the entertainment by taking Sanchez for a ride on the rumble sea of his motorcycle. Sanchez was duly impressed and talked so much about it that all the other braves want to ride instead of working on the "desert." Another detachment of Indians will be brought in a short time and in the autumn the women and children will join their lords and masters.

Park Commissioners Minutes, May 9, 1914. 28^th Street to be graded between Palm and Redwood Streets under supervision of Park Superintendent.

San Diego Sun, May 9, 1914, 9:8. Collier has again assumed leadership of the firm of D. C. Collier & Company; has begun a campaign to put on market large holdings in Imperial Valley; offering for sale at low prices property in Point Loma and Alta Terrace subdivisions.

May 13, 1914. Panama-California Exposition Papers, San Diego Public Library.

To The Board of Park Commissioners of the City of San Diego

Claim of Piccirilli Brothers (Ferruccio, Attilio, Furio, Thomas, Horace and Getulio) for principal and interest and price of materials used in erection and construction of Fine Arts Building.

Claimants employed by Tracy Brick and Art Stone Company, Incorporated of San Diego.

Amount claimed $3,250/ became due March 11, 1914 for

all models on east and west gates and 2 interior balconies for the Fine Arts Building

materials furnished and delivered between February 18 and March 11, 1914

Work prosecuted under the jurisdiction and supervision of Commission for Fine Arts Building under a contract awarded by said Park Board to Brown & DeCew Construction Company.

That the materials furnished and supplied as aforesaid by these claimants were part of the materials required to be furnished by a contract entered into between Brown & DeCew and said Tracy Brick and Art Stone Company, and that said materials were part of the materials required to be furnished by the contract awarded the Park Board for the Fine Arts Building to Wurster Construction Company

Sworn to by Getulio Piccirilli, 13^th day May, 1914.

San Diego Sun, May 13, 1914, 8:1. Park Commission prepares to go ahead to build stadium for $140,000; plans revised; will seat 27,000 instead of 50,000.

San Diego Union, May 14, 1914, 5:1. New Mexico plans to dedicate building; commissioners and boosters will celebrate structure's completion in July; first of state group; counties throughout rich mineral state raise money for exhibits.

Park Commissioners Minutes, May 15, 1914. Plans of Quayle Brothers & Cressey, architects, and Rhodes, engineer, to excavate, grade and build the Stadium accepted.

San Diego Union, May 15, 1914, 3:5. Exposition offers vote of thanks; Montanans appreciate proposed $50,000 donation from former Senator W. A. Clark.

San Diego Sun, May 21, 1914, 2:4. City Council unanimous in favor of granting restaurant liquor license to the Exposition Company.

San Diego Union, May 21, 1914, 1:1. Council voted unanimously to allow sale of liquor in Exposition restaurant; Company will be held responsible to see that concessionaires observe City ordinance.

San Diego Union, May 21, 1914, II, 10:5. Exhibits for fair can enter United States free of duty; attaches will be admitted under bond per Immigration Department; Russian and Japanese products to appear in Foreign Arts Building.

San Diego Union, May 22, 1914, 8:3. Three-day choral festival in May, 1915 in Greek Theater donated by J. D. Spreckels is plan.

San Diego Sun, May 25, 1914, 1:5-6. Exposition expected to be finished November 11; at that time 600 passenger agents will be here to inspect.

San Diego Sun, May 25, 1914, 3:1-3. Work begun on Panama-Canal Extravaganza; created by Charles A. de Lisle-Holland; after Exposition the extravaganza will be taken apart and sent by way of the Panama Canal to Coney Island.

San Diego Union, May 26, 1914, 8:2-3. Order of Panama plans patriotic celebration July 2 - 4.

San Diego Union, May 26, 1914, II, 9:1. Playground Board reports shows results.

San Diego Union, May 26, 1914, II, 9:2-3. Collier tells Chicagoans glories of Fair and railway plans.

May 27, 1914, Letter, Carleton M. Winslow to Board of Park Commissioners.

Gentlemen:

Under date of May 20^th I have received a letter from Mr. Goodhue in which he says as follows:

Your letter to me, dated 14^th March, 1914 is practically a confirmation of this appropriation of $8,000, but may I request you to confirm the telegram of 20^th December, 1913, either to Mr. Goodhue or myself?

Yours very truly,

(Signed) Carleton M. Winslow.

Park Commissioners Minutes, May 29, 1914. C. L. Hyde awarded contract for excavating and F. O. Engstrum Co. contract for general construction of Stadium. . . . Secretary instructed to send Mr. Winslow a confirmation of action of the Board, December 19, 1913, whereby an additional $8,000 was appropriated for the Fine Arts Building.

San Diego Sun, May 29, 1914, 7:4. Collier has invaded the Windy City to let railway circles know something about the Southwestern Pacific Railway of which he is president; issue of Chicago Tribune contains an interview with the colonel, tell what he intends to do; Chicago railroad officials are skeptical.

San Diego Union, May 29, 1914, II, 9:2-3. Former Senator Clark will great Montanans at San Diego Fair; expected here when state building dedication takes place; letter received.

San Diego Sun, May 30, 1914, 9:5. Fight for park edge property: When the employees of the Park Commission started work on the property at 12^th Street and the park early today, they were met with armed resistance from two watchmen and a Mrs. Curow, daughter of Mrs. S. A. Blanchard. Both the park and Mrs. Blanchard claim the property on which the men went to work.

San Diego Union, May 30, 1914, 8:2. Kettner's measure for irrigation display at San Diego meets approval.

San Diego Union, May 30, 1914, 16:2. Stadium contract awarded two bidders; improvement to Balboa Park to cost San Diego, $102,594.00.

San Diego Union, May 31, 1914, 2:1. Exposition buildings nearing completion; pictures of Southern California Counties Building and patio of Arts and Crafts Building.

San Diego Union, May 31, 1914, 8:2-4. Balboa Park stadium plans complete.

San Diego Union, May 31, 1914, V, 2:1-3. Dream City assuming reality at Exposition grounds.

San Diego Sun, June 2, 1914, 6:1-2. Women's Headquarters at Exposition Urged: A committee composed of Miss Gertrude Gilbert, president of the Amphion Club, Miss Alice Klauber, Mrs. R. C. Allen, Mrs. Frost, president of the San Diego Club, Miss Longenecker, Mrs. Carl Owen, president of the County Federation of Women's Clubs, and Miss Lawson of the Wednesday Club met yesterday with the Board of Supervisors to discuss the creation of headquarters for women at the Exposition grounds; telegram sent to Collier asking him to present subject of San Diego Exposition at the biennial convention of club women in Chicago in June.

San Diego Union, June 2, 1914, II, 9:1. Growth of pueblo wins approval of bucks; six full-blooded Indians from San Ildefonso watch Exposition construction; females will follow.

San Diego Sun, June 3, 1914, 2:7. Collier telegraphed Board of Supervisors that his plans probably will take him out of Chicago before June 9 when the convention of women's clubs starts.

San Diego Sun, June 4, 1914, 10:1. Board of Supervisors postpone decision on plan to establish headquarters for women on Exposition grounds; idea of a separate building for use of women not popular with all at the meeting.

San Diego Sun, June 6, 1914, 1:1. Beauty of Fair Evident: finishing touches being put upon Panama-California Exposition, almost fairyland; merchants of Japan and Russia are among the largest making reservations in the Foreign Arts Building; Japanese exhibits will show weaving and embroidery of rare silk costumes, the hammering of bronzes, and the carving of wood and ivory; Madame Vera de Blumenthal will show what peasant women of Russia do.

San Diego Union, June 6, 1914, II, 9:1. Council ratifies stadium contract; protests filed against accepting bid of Los Angeles firm.

San Diego Union, June 7, 1914, II, 1:2-4. Lestor Comedy Company of Universal Motion Picture Corporation took movie comedy on Exposition grounds entitled "Maggie's Honest Lover."

San Diego Herald, June 11, 1914, 8:1. Exposition Notes.

San Diego Union, June 11, 1914, 2:1. Aztec sculptures duplicated for Exposition.

Park Commissioners Minutes, June 12, 1914. Mr. Carleton M. Winslow presented preliminary plans for the improvement of the Plaza at the southwest section of Balboa Park.

San Diego Union, June 12, 1914, 1:3-4, 2:3-4. Colonel Collier's railway files incorporation papers; new president declares actual construction will begin within year.

San Diego Union, June 13, 1914, 3:2-3. Traffic men of Gould railway turn ardent boosters of San Diego Fair.

San Diego Union, June 14, 1914, 8:2-3. Romance and tragedy of Mormon history to be shown on Isthmus at San Diego Exposition.

San Diego Union, June 14, 1914, II, 1:2-5, 2:1. Landscape gardening in park wonderful; barren land now blossoms like rose of Sharon.

Because the landscape gardening of the Exposition grounds has been so widely advertised, many San Diegans lose sight that this wonderful work, in point of area, is but a small part of the vast system of improvements gradually being brought to completion in Balboa Park. The Exposition grounds cover 450 acres. Balboa Park covers 1400 acres. It is the largest park in the country in the heart of a city, and under the master hand of Superintendent J. P. Morley it is rapidly becoming one of the most beautiful.

In considering the development of San Diego's great park, which, with the growth and commercialization of the city, will be far more appreciated as a haven of rest and fragrance that it is now, it is impossible not to begin with Morley. Anyone who knows what the park was two and a half years ago, and what it is today, will appreciate this. The present park commissioners certainly do so, and it is to their broad-minded sympathy and cooperation that Morley modestly attributes the brilliant results of his service.

Morley is the son of an English landscape expert, and has been in the same line of work all his life. Before coming to San Diego he was superintendent of parks at Los Angeles, where some of the finest landscape work that city boasts was accomplished during his incumbency.

When he came to San Diego there was not a lawn in Balboa Park. There are now thirty acres completed, all just as uniformly green and beautiful as those seen from Sixth Street, and equipped with the Hadden system of sprinklers, the finest that can be obtained.

One of the most recent and striking additions to the park is a rose garden which when completed will contain 6,300 rose bushes and fifty different varieties. Situated between the West Boulevard and Cabrillo Canyon, this garden, already one of the beauty spots of the park, viewed from the Exposition grounds and the mighty bridge over which the approach is made, will loom up like a cluster of gems. At the east end, as a background, a pergola 300 feet long will be built and draped in vines.

The efforts of the park workers are being concentrated at present on the improvement of the west side so as to enhance the view from the Exposition grounds. Contending with soil conditions so bad that every little hole has to be blasted and new soil and fertilizer put in, before shrubs can be placed, Morley is hurrying the main planting as fast as possible. The finer details, such as little gardens and perpetually flowering beds, will be put in later as soon as the background has progressed far enough to be seen in perspective.

Another big alteration that has been made with a view to the Exposition grounds is the clearing of all but a few small trees off a stretch of lawn opposite Olive and Palm Streets, that leaves a magnificent sweep from Sixth Street of the fair buildings and Cabrillo Bridge. The trees, mostly large pines, were moved without a single loss and replanted with others of their kind, a find forest effect being thus created.

Ground has been prepared for a whole mile of lawn, parking of Sixth Street, and the extension of lawns opposite that thoroughfare is going forward rapidly. In accord with this general scheme, the entrance at Sixth and Upas Streets will be gradually improved and made one of the most impressive entrances in the park.

Countless shrubs have been planted and many varieties of trees, and many thousands of feet of cobblestone drains have been installed.

One of the striking and costly improvements contemplated is a plaza to be situated on the knoll west of Fir Street and north of Date Street, which commands a magnificent view of the harbor, Point Loma and the ocean. Between $30,000 and $40,000, according to Morley, will be put into the construction, planting and general improvement of this site, which will become more than ever the favorite of nurses and mothers with their children.

Another big feature, appealing to the city's little one, will be the new aviary, to be started in August. It will be back of the present bird cage and will cover a space 50 feet by 110. In the canyon below will be a two-acre duck pond, in which a large assortment of water fowl will be kept.

Besides Balboa Park, Superintendent Morley has charge of the La Jolla, Mission Hill and Old Town parks, the plaza opposite the U. S. Grant Hotel, and sixty-five acres on Point Loma, where work has not yet begun.

A great deal of road improvement work has been completed, and the upkeep of the roads in their present fine condition is a large item of expense. Here are some of the items mentioned in Superintendent Morley's last report.

"During the last year the Pine Hill Road has been regraded and widened to a uniform width of 25 feet, with a planting strip and a walk along the easterly side. Culverts and drains have been placed at proper intervals and the grade of the road pitched toward the hill for the better safety of traffic.

"A cobblestone bridge has been built in Cabrillo Canyon at the foot of Pine Hill Road. In the canyon south of Pine Hill and the one north of Laurel Street, cobblestone gutters for the care of storm water have been built. The stone for the above work was taken from the park, which made the cost about one-half what it would have been if we had to purchase the stone.

"The installing of the water system in the park is one of the main items of expense. A large quantity of old leaky pipe has been taken out and new pipe laid, according to plans adopted two years ago.

"During the year 4,144 (?) trees of various kinds, 3, 519 (?) shrubs and 1500 (?) flowering plants and bulbs were planted. A large number of these were planted where others had been killed by the frost during the winter."

The present park commissioners are John F. Forward, Jr.; president, J. B. Pendleton, secretary; Carl J. Ferris and Charles T. Chandler.

San Diego Sun, June 15, 1914, 1:7-8. Davidson declares Exposition marks beginning of new era in city; is sure community will not suffer after Fair gates are closed.

San Diego Union, June 16, 1914, 2:3-4. Ground broken for Mormon panorama; series of paintings to depict history.

San Diego Sun, June 18, 1914, 1:1. Collier arrives in Los Angeles today; is enthusiastic about new railway.

San Diego Union, June 18, 1914, 9:2. Rotarian's Golden Wheel emblem costing $1500 made to advertise San Diego's Exposition went to Houston, Texas convention; picture and names of men representing San Diego.

San Diego Union, June 19, 1914, 16:2-3. Women seek recognition at Exposition; promise big fight if denied recognition; building asked, rest rooms sought.

San Diego Sun, June 20, 1914, 3:7-8. Collier, president of Southwest Pacific Railway, offers to take lease of reclaimed lands from State Harbor Board; wants that part of harbor at National City as terminal point for railroad; Company agrees to pay interest and sinking funds on $1.5 million bonds voted by people of California in 1909 for improvement of San Diego harbor; would come to about $80,000 a year. . . . The bonds voted in 1909 are 15-year bonds. When they were not issued, the City of San Diego took over its part of the waterfront by an act of the Legislature and improved it with municipal bond money. The State Board is still in charge of the waterfront from National City line south.

San Diego Union, June 20, 1914, 3:2-3. Exposition teapot tempest subsides after explanation.

San Diego Union, June 20, 1914, 7:2. Park land fuss nears conclusion; Judge intimates he will decide against Mrs. Blanchard. . . . Although withholding his decision for several days, Judge Sloane yesterday intimated that he would rule in favor of the city and against Mrs. S. A. Blanchard in the contest over the ownership of a 15-foot strip of land on the north end of Mrs. Blanchard's lot at Twelfth and A Streets.

When contractors started grading this strip on Memorial Day, they were met by a determined woman with guns, and were held off until the arrival of the police. Immediately Mrs. Blanchard's attorneys obtained a temporary injunction.

City Attorney Cosgrove yesterday submitted numerous affidavits from engineers now and formerly in the employ of the city upholding the contention of the city that the 15-foot strip belongs in the park. Attorneys Andrews and Lee for the Blanchards raised the point that the park had never been formally dedicated for park purposes, but this contention was not considered seriously by the court.

Cosgrove also submitted copies of the deed under which Mrs. Blanchard acquired title to the land in 1881, showing that she was deeded a lot only 58 feet wide, instead of 74 feet wide, as claimed. He admitted that the Blanchards had fenced in the 74 feet and had used it for thirty-three years. Judge Sloane declared that he saw no merit in the application of the Blanchards for an injunction, but he allowed her attorneys three days in which to file authorities supporting their contention that the city is estopped from claiming the strip because of the length of time it has been occupied by the Blanchards.

San Diego Union, June 21, 1914, II, 1:1. Santa Fe railroad officials declare San Diego Fair peerless.

San Diego Union, June 21, 1914, II, 7:1-3. Glad-hand boosters praise San Diego and 1915 Exposition.

San Diego Union, June 21, 1914, II, 8:1-2. U.S. Marine Camp probably exhibit for San Diego Exposition.

San Diego Union, June 23, 1914, 3:1. Chief Martinez, first auto whirl; Santa Fe agent finds pueblo head apt pupil.

San Diego Union, June 23, 1914, 3:6. Ayr Ivy to cover Burns' cottage in park.

San Diego Sun, June 24, 1914, 1:2. Senator Works introduced a bill in the Senate today appropriating $100,000 for a reclamation and irrigation exhibit at the Panama-California Exposition.

San Diego Union, June 25, 1914, 8:4. Ferris declares Exposition is wasting water and should do sprinkling at night.

San Diego Sun, June 26, 1914, 1:7. Collier files written offer; Harbor Board considers leasing proposition; to propose revaluation.

San Diego Union, June 28, 1914, 6:2-5. National Cash Register to build at 1915 Exposition.

San Diego Union, June 29, 1914, 1:7-8. Student assassinates Austrian heir; Archduke and duchess shot dead in street at Sarajevo after escaping bomb.

San Diego Union, July 1, 1914, 1:4, 3:1-3. Monster three-day festival to show San Diego's patriotism; celebration will begin Thursday a.m. with big historical pageant.

San Diego Herald, July 2, 1914, 4:2. EDITORIAL: Who Owns the Park? . . . The people residing east of the park are but a short distance from the exposition grounds, but will, unless there be a road through the park, have to travel miles to get to the grounds. So far the Park Commission has turned a deaf ear to the petitions for an outlet from the exposition to the east side of the park.

Park Commissioners Minutes, July 2, 1914. Superintendent instructed to have Engineer Rhodes survey and establish south line of Balboa Park. . . . Engineer Rhodes reported approximate cost of improving the Plaza in Balboa Park would be $37,900 if done by contract or $27,000 if done by Superintendent; report ordered filed.

San Diego Sun, July 2, 1914, 1:7-8. It was said that Colonel Collier has the matter of running for the House of Representatives in the Republican primary under consideration. What Kettner and Needham will do it Collier throws his large western hat into the ring was not known today.

San Diego Sun, July 3, 1914, 6:1-2. Buildings Nearing Completion Long Before Opening . . . To the north of the Prado is a large glass-roofed structure that will house some of the most wonderful plants in the world. The building is complete. Work on Santa Clara and Alameda Counties Building will start July 10. Montana, Utah and Washington State Buildings will start on or about July 20. Salt Lake Railroad Building will soon be underway. . . . A visitor observed, "Of all the spots in the world to hold an exposition, this is the greatest."

San Diego Union, July 3, 1914, 2:5. $15,000 judgment given against Exposition; jury renders verdict in favor of injured laborer; case to be appealed.

San Diego Sun, July 4, 1914, 9:1-2. Clifford A. Williams, eastern manager of the Panama-California Exposition, on June 29, 1914, invited Federated Club Women, meeting in Chicago, to the San Diego Exposition.

San Diego Union, July 6, 1914, 7:1-2. Exposition work indicates early opening; Montana and Kansas buildings to be begun within few weeks.

San Diego Union, July 7, 1914, 3:2-4. Salt Lake Railroad to exhibit at Fair; building by Quayle Brothers and Cressey costing $10,000; sketch of building.

San Diego Union, July 9, 1914, 3:4. New playground southeast corner of Balboa Park to be opened Saturday.

San Diego Union, July 9, 1914, 7:3. Marine Corps exhibit at Fair considered.

San Diego Union, July 11, 1914, 7:3. Exercises to open playground on Golden Hill.

San Diego Union, July 11, 1914, 7:6. Fine art exhibit received for Exposition; description of panels showing early history.

San Diego Evening Tribune, July 12, 1914, 4:2. Twelve panels, replicas of the Farnum group of bronzes in the Pan-American Union Building, will arrive for installation in the vestibule of the California Building next week; artifacts from Central and South America will arrive in a few weeks.

San Diego Union, July 12, 1914, 1:4. 2,000 boys and girls gambol and sing to dedicated new Golden Hill playground.

San Diego Union, July 12, 1914, II, 7:1. Auto race track considered for Exposition.

San Diego Union, July 13, 1914, 5:1. Fair invitations to be issued today; handsome four-color document will bid world welcome; half million printed.

San Diego Union, July 16, 1914, 1:5. Old Mission San Diego de Alcala to be restored to commemorate 145^th anniversary of the raising of the cross in San Diego by Father Junipero Serra.

San Diego Union, July 16, 1914, 9:5. Steamships "Kroonland" and "Finland" to ply between New York and San Diego during Exposition; "Kroonland" started service through the canal on May 1; accommodations and rates of same.

Park Commissioners Minutes, July 17, 1914. Secretary instructed to advise Mr. Belcher that West Boulevard would not be closed at the intersection of Laurel Street during the Exposition year.

July 18, 1914, Letter, Carleton M. Winslow, San Diego, Calif., to Bertram G. Goodhue, New York City.

Dear Mr. Goodhue:

Concerning your fee for work upon the Fine Arts building, Panama-California Exposition, I brought up the subject as yesterday's regular meeting of the Park Board who put the matter in the hands of the Secretary, Mr. Pendleton, with directions for him to confer with me today, and report the matter back to the Board. We find conditions as follows:-

On November 10^th of last year the Board paid over to the Exposition $3,000.00, which presumably was paid over to you on the 12^th of the same month, under claim #11,940.

Presumably this has not been paid as you sent in a bill on March 20^th, 1914, to the Exposition for $4,109.85 --- 4-1/2 percent on the contract price, $91,330.00 on account.

Messrs. Brown and DeCew Construction Company at this time are being paid their bill in full. Including their extras, it amounts to $97,184.33. This includes $4,745.10 for work under the special appropriation to you of $8,000.00 for Chapel fittings, etc., leaving a balance yet to be spent of $3,254.90. Upon this basis the final cost of the building will be $100,439.23, and your fee at the rate of 6 percent amounts to $6,026.35 (Six Thousand Twenty Six Dollars and Thirty Five Cents.)

I would recommend that you make out this bill to the Exposition, mentioning the item of $3,000.00, and that you send a copy of the bill and communication to the Park Board.

Very faithfully yours,

(Signed) Carleton M. Winslow.

San Diego Evening Tribune, July 23, 1914, 8:3. Colonel Collier instituted a suit for divorce in the Superior Court yesterday afternoon against Ella Copley Collier. On the preceding day, Mrs. Collier began an action for separate maintenance alleging desertion. In his suit Colonel Collier charges extreme mental cruelty against his wife. He alleges that during 14 of the 18 years of their union, Mrs. Collier made married life unbearable for him because of her alleged uncontrollable temper. In the divorce complaint, Mrs. Collier is accused of influencing the mind of their eldest son, David, aged 16, against his father. She is also accused of charging her husband, before prominent citizens, with misuse of her money, thereby impairing her credit and injuring her financially. Mrs. Collier is accused of having threatened suicide with the use of chloroform. The following citizens to whom Mrs. Collier is alleged to have made derogatory statements against her husband are named in the complaint: Ralph Granger, Sam Ferry Smith, C. A. Richardson, George D. Easton, John F. Forward, Jr., William D. Rogers, G. Aubrey Davidson, and M. A. Graham.

San Diego Union, July 23, 1914, 1:3, 3:4. Exhibit spaces at Exposition grounds all taken.

Park Commissioners Minutes, July 24, 1914. Board given an additional $7,500 by Exposition to spend on park improvement; plaza and slopes on 6^th Street to be improved with funds. . . . Secretary reported that, according to bills already paid, the architect's fee due Mr. Goodhue was $6,026.35.

San Diego Union, July 24, 1914, 2:2. New Mexico has 1915 flag ensign designed for Exposition; picture and description of same.

San Diego Evening Tribune, July 26, 1914, 1:1-2. Park Board upheld by court decision; right of Mrs. M. E. Blanchard to 14 feet of property in Balboa Park is denied; 12^th Street is opened up to high school buildings; City Attorney Cosgrove wins victory.

San Diego Union, July 26, 1914, 6:1. Judge Sloane sustains Park Commission; denies Mrs. Blanchard's right to 14 feet of property; Cosgrove wins case.

San Diego Evening Tribune, July 27, 1914, 1:5-6. Judge W. R. Guy throws Collier's suit for divorce out in Superior Court; sustains demurrer to complaint interposed by Mrs. Collier and gives plaintiff ten days in which to file amended complaint; every count in first suit is overruled; no answer yet in suit for separate maintenance; Collier's charges are too vague.

San Diego Evening Tribune, July 29, 1914, 5:6. 300 three-year old saplings from Colombo arrive for Lipton Tea plantation.

Park Commissioners Minutes, July 31, 1914. Secretary instructed to draw a voucher for $3,026.53 (?) in favor of Panama-California Exposition as balance in full to Bertram G. Goodhue for architectural fees on the Fine Arts Building.

San Diego Evening Tribune, August 1, 1914, 1. Russia declares war on Germany.

San Diego Evening Tribune, August 1, 1914, 3:3. George W. Marston and family in England.

San Diego Union, August 2, 1914. Germany declares war on Russia.

San Diego Union, August 2, 1914, 10:1. $100,000 fortune to be left for Balboa Park.

San Diego Union, August 2, 1914, II, 1:1. "Painted Desert" excels Fair exhibits.

San Diego Union, August 3, 1914. French troops repulse German invaders.

San Diego Union, August 5, 1914. England at war with Germany.

San Diego Union, August 5, 1914, 14:1. Order of Panama proposes Horton monument.

San Diego Herald, August 6, 1914, 1:3. Boost the Exposition.

San Diego Union, August 6, 1914. Belgium hurls back German invaders.

San Diego Union, August 6, 1914, 5:2. Montana Building contract to be awarded.

Park Commissioners Minutes, August 7, 1914. Carleton M. Winslow presented plans for a new aviary in Balboa Park. . . . Mr. Vorhees, representing Mr. M. D. Goodbody, stated "Sixth Street Boulevard" extension form Juniper to Date Streets was completed. . . . Board of Education requested to set aside $10,000 to be used for parking and planting along the Stadium.

San Diego Union, August 8, 1914, 8:1. Oracle Company to manufacture ten million cigarettes known as the "Exposition Turkish Cigarette" at Exposition.

San Diego Union, August 8, 1914, 8:5. Tourist firm says war will benefit Exposition; buildings rush work.

San Diego Union, August 9, 1914, II, 1:2-5. Pledge of magic Exposition made good.

San Diego Union, August 9, 1914, II, 7:1. Beauties of Fair lure thousands to grounds.

San Diego Union, August 9, 1914, II, 7:5. City Park closed to heavy traffic.

San Diego Union, August 11, 1914, 2:2-3. Exposition buildings sought for San Diego High School.

San Diego Union, August 11, 1914, 2:4. Exposition movies will be shown in big cities.

San Diego Herald, August 13, 1914, 1:2. Prolong the Exposition if necessity demands.

Park Commissioners Minutes, August 14, 1914. Present grade of Sixth Street Boulevard extension accepted.

San Diego Union, August 14, 1914, 6:1-2. Commissioners praise unusual features of San Diego Fair.

San Diego Union, August 16, 1914, II, 1:2-3. Model Farm visualizes soil tillers' dreams.

San Diego Evening Tribune, August 17, 1914, 2:1. The Father Horton committee of the Order of Panama selected Richard Zeitner to design a portrait bust of Alonzo Horton to be erected at a site in Balboa Park; to be paid for by popular subscription and to cost approximately $6,000.

August 18, 1914, Report on the Panama-Canal [sic] Rose Contest

San Diego, Cal., August 8, 1914

To The Directors of the Panama-California Exposition, San Diego

Gentlemen: In April, 1911, your Company through its Mr. Herrick, then of the Publicity Department, asked the San Diego Floral Association to give its help in preparing rules and other details for a proposed contest for a new rose to be called "San Diego." Such contest to be known as "The Panama-California Exposition Rose Contest" and the prize offered by the Exposition Company to be One Thousand Dollars ($1,000.00).

The Floral Association agreed to give assistance and it was arranged that the Exposition Company should do all the work of caring for the roses and pay all expenses incident to the Contest, and the Floral Association should formulate rules of contest, give publicity thereto as far as possible through its magazine, California Garden, and appoint judges.

In the May, 1911 issue of California Garden rules for the contest were published after they had been submitted to the Exposition Company and approved, and the following paragraphs were included:

"That it (the rose) be quite distinct from any existing variety." . . . "It must be distinctly understood that the Panama-California Exposition Directors reserve the right to withhold any reward if no entry shows pronounced merit and distinct individuality."

Several contestants entered (the list of names and other details are of record in the Exposition Nursery office) and from February to March the bushes arrived and were planted in a special fenced enclosure in the Exposition nursery grounds in Balboa Park.

The showing made in blooms in 1912-13 was disappointing and the contest was continued for a year. 1913-14 the results were even more discouraging and the judges through the Floral Association desire to report that nothing worthy of an award under the conditions of the contest has appeared.

The Floral Association, therefore, seeing no hope of any change, desires to acquaint the Exposition Company of this finding and to further state that in so doing it considers that its connection with the Panama-California Rose Contest comes to a close.

Respectfully,

A. D. Robinson, Pres.

G. T. Keene, Secr.

San Diego Union, August 19, 1914, II, 9:2-3. Exhibits to show wonders of industrial invention at San Diego Exposition.

San Diego Union, August 20, 1914, II, 9:2. Foreigners demand space at Exposition.

San Diego Union, August 23, 1914, 10:2. Apiary exhibit to be on view at Exposition.

San Diego Union, August 25, 1914, 8:3. "Climbing the Yelps" to offer queer sensations.

San Diego Union, August 27, 1914, 7:1. Dr. William Radar, editorial writer for the Philadelphia Ledger, comes to San Diego to write Exposition article.

Park Commissioners Minutes, August 28, 1914. Mrs. A. C. Griffith presented a personal bond for $2,500 for the grading of 28^th Street from Palm to Redwood Streets.

San Diego Union, August 30, 1914, 12:1. Foreign grains grown in Utah for 1915 Fair exhibit.

San Diego Union, September 1, 1914, II, 9:1. Charmed crowds view growth of San Diego Fair.

San Diego Union, September 2, 1914, 5:4. Interior of San Joaquin Valley Building will be decorated in grain; description.

San Diego Union, September 3, 1914, 7:1. Plans for Horton monument. . . . A committee of five members of the Order of Panama has undertaken to raise sufficient funds by popular subscription to erect a suitable monument to "Father" Horton, founder of the newer San Diego. The window of "Father" Horton still lives in San Diego and is well pleased with the plan.

At the last meeting of the Order, the chairman of the Horton monument committee presented a report of progress.

"We already have some subscriptions to the fund," he said, "and our solicitations are bringing in more every day. We expect to raise at least six thousand dollars.

"We will ask the board of park commissioners to give us a suitable place in Balboa Park. We want a place that is high, overlooking San Diego Bay. Mrs. Horton has told us of one spot just beyond where Seventh Street runs into the park, where "Father" Horton used to climb in the old days at sunset to watch the sun go down beyond Point Loma. It would be the ideal site for the monument."

The committee has had certificates printed to exchange for subscriptions to the monument fund, and members are now placing books of the blank certificates in several downtown business houses where subscriptions will be received.

San Diego Union, September 4, 1914, 4:5. Wells-Fargo exhibit to depict development of the West.

San Diego Union, September 4, 1914, 4:6. Plans given for Hawaiian Village.

San Diego Union, September 5, 1914, 7:1. Exposition plans of Santa Fe unabated.

San Diego Union, September 5, 1914, II, 9:1-2. Hubbard witnesses tribal dances at Exposition.

San Diego Union, September 6, 1914, 8:1. Harry Stewart walks 26,000 miles for four and one-half years in Africa, Europe and America advertising Exposition.

San Diego Union, September 7, 1914, 8:1-4. Exposition attendance smashes all records.

San Diego Union, September 7, 1914, II, 9:2-4. Miss Scripps spending $50,000 to give La Jolla unique playground.

San Diego Union, September 8, 1914, 5:2. California bird life to be seen at Exposition.

San Diego Herald, September 10, 1914, 1:4. Oppose the machine; keep Boss Hardy out.

San Diego Union, September 10, 1914, 3:4-5. Workshops of world to open for San Diego Fair visitors.

San Diego Union, September 11, 1914, 7:1-2. Wells Fargo periodical gives Exposition publicity.

San Diego Union, September 12, 1914, 2:6. Last art stone placed on State Building at Fair.

San Diego Union, September 13, 1914, 8:1. Exposition Board favors plan to beautify city.

San Diego Union, September 13, 1914, 8:2-4. Panama Canal concession changes name.

San Diego Union, September 15, 1914, 3:4. Japanese secure third concession at Exposition.

San Diego Sun, September 16, 1914, 3:1. All declare that Exposition is a real beauty spot; pre-opening attendance increases daily; 697 paid admissions on Sunday, September 13.

San Diego Union, September 16, 1914, 14:2. Archaeological displays collected from Central and South America for Exposition.

San Diego Herald, September 17, 1914, 1:1-2. The people must act to recover their lands.

San Diego Evening Tribune, September 17, 1914, 7:1. Nevada will erect a state building at Exposition.

San Diego Union, September 17, 1914, 6:1. Exposition rounds into wonderful beauty.

Park Commissioners Minutes, September 18, 1914. Ten-acre park in southeast portion of the City named "Mountain View Park" . . . Carleton M. Winslow instructed to prepare plans for an aviary to cost $1,500.

San Diego Sun, September 18, 1914, 9:1-2. Collier favors government railroad, but is against route: Col. D. C. Collier, president of the projected Southwestern Pacific Railway, was today shown a dispatch from the Sun correspondent, Gilson Gardner, in which the bill presented by Representative Bryan for the construction by the government in Arizona and Utah of a railroad into the timber and coal lines to be tapped by Collier's projected road is discussed.

"We want to get that road into San Diego," Collier said, "and it doesn't matter who builds it. We are willing to present the government with our surveys and other assets costing nearly $300,000, if Uncle Sam will build the system. The war in Europe has naturally interfered with our plans as we were arranging for foreign capital.

"The route suggested in the Bryan bill, however, from the Kaibab National Forest of Arizona to Marysvale, Utah is impracticable and would not benefit the southwest. The government line should be built to connect with the Salt Lake at St. Thomas on the Santa Fe at Chloride. From there the line could be extended to San Diego, which is the logical point for it to run to."

San Diego Union, September 18, 1914, 5:1. Historic exhibits soon to reach Exposition.

San Diego Union, September 18, 1914, 5:4. Nevada Building at Exposition assured.

San Diego Union, September 20, 1914, 8:2. Uniforms chosen for Exposition bands. . . . The two uniforms which will be most in evidence at the Exposition and which will contribute largely to the prevailing color and atmosphere of Mission and Old Spain --- the guard uniform and the band uniform --- have both been officially accepted.

Each is a triumph of the costumers' art. The uniform of the musicians is of black velvet with gold trimmings, a yellow sash, and a broad sombrero, trimmed with silver. The uniform of the guards, which is copied from a Spanish court uniform, is a brilliant affair --- sky blue coat and trousers with gold buttons and yellow and crimson trimmings.

Costumes as shown will be worn by members of the Panama-California band, which will give concerts every day during the Fair. It will be directed by Peter J. Frank and under the management of J. M. Dodge.

A series of concerts has been arranged by which members of the musical organizations hope to pay for their uniforms. The first concert will be given Friday afternoon at the Spreckels Theater.

San Diego Union, September 20, 1914, II, 9:1. Open-air school planned at Exposition during 1915.

San Diego Union, September 20, 1914, Women's Section, 5:1. Publicity plans for Exposition.

San Diego Union, September 22, 1914. Three concessions to open Sunday at Exposition.

San Diego Union, September 23, 1914, 3:4. YMCA awarded space in the south balcony of the Varied Industries Building; to be used as a combination rest room, restaurant and writing room during 1915 . . .

The Y.W.C.A also was granted space in the Science and Education Building for a rest room for the girls and women employed at the Fair. The YWCA will equip the room and furnish an attendant and the girls of the Exposition will be invited to make it their headquarters.

San Diego Union, September 23, 1914, 9:1. Exposition band made first appearance; musical program at Spreckels Theater; uniforms patterned after Spanish lieutenants' costume; pictures.

San Diego Union, September 24, 1914, 6:1. Concession space at the Exposition is all engaged.

Park Commissioners Minutes, September 25, 1914. Secretary instructed to notify Mr. Belcher that the Fine Arts Building was ready to be turned over to the Exposition.

San Diego Union, September 25, 1914, 2:3. Alameda County pleased with Exposition; will install $25,000 exhibit.

San Diego Union, September 25, 1914, 14:1. Benches ordered from San Diego firm for Exposition.

San Diego Union, September 27, 1914, 1:2. Santa Fe says railroad is preparing for heavy traffic; 400,000 visitors predicted for Exposition.

San Diego Union, September 27, 1914, 5:2-5. Street car line opened to east Exposition entrance.

San Diego Union, September 27, 1914, Women's Section, 4:2-4. Hawaiian Village an Exposition feature.

San Diego Union, September 28, 1914, 8:2-5. Street car line opens to gate of Exposition.

San Diego Sun, September 29, 1914, 12:1. Governor Hiram Johnson to be guest of honor at a banquet in the rotunda of the California Building, October 2.

San Diego Union, September 29, 1914, 8:5-6. Ethnology exhibit for Exposition on way from Washington, DC.

San Diego Evening Tribune, September 30, 1914, 10:2, 16:3. Designed For Real Purpose; Exposition Aimed to Exploit Pacific Coast, Back Country and Boost Trade.

Those who have attended other expositions know full well that the prime purpose has been the booming of a small community, a single city. The purpose at San Diego is different and finer --- a purpose not of building up the community of San Diego, but of helping all California, all the southwest, all the west; indeed all the nation in its agricultural and industrial features. San Diego is the first port-of-call on the Pacific coast. Naturally, then, it should benefit tremendously from the operation of the Panama canal, whose opening this exposition celebrates. But more important than this is the result which the canal will have on the back country of the Pacific slope.

Today that country is barely tapped. The exposition has prepared exhaustive figures based on government and state reports and has found, for example, that in which might be called the country back of Southern California there are some 8,000,000 acres under cultivation today. Round about these 8,000,000 acres is a great deal of desert country, whose development it is very difficult to see, but there are also millions and millions of acres of country which is not particularly desert country but exactly like the 8,000,000 acres which have been reclaimed thus far, with similar soil and similar climate, and with water supply close at hand. It needs only the hand of man to make this section bloom as do the 8,000,000 acres. The government reports give the undeveloped and potentially arable farm land an area of 44,000,000 acres in this section of the southwest.

Now the 8,000,000 acres, also by government report, produce in a single year a revenue of $148,000,000 from farm products along; there is nearly as much more in mineral products, but, excluding that possibility, just think of the agricultural future. There is no reason why the 44,000,000 acres should not produce as much proportionately as the 8,000,000 acres are producing today. In other words, there is an annual revenue of $400,000,000 more which must be added to the present revenue of the southwest. Here at San Diego's back door is an empire in the making, today partly a promise, tomorrow a sure and complete reality!

When San Francisco followed San Diego by six months and chartered an exposition for 1915 and started plans for a great world's fair, such as those which had been built in Chicago and St. Louis, it became apparent that San Diego must create something new, something different, or else there would be a duplicated effort, wasted energy, and a certainty of bad feeling between the north and south of California. None of these results was desirable and it became necessary for San Diego to avoid them all. Hence there was created a new type of exposition, entirely different from that at San Francisco and, from the standpoint of the southern city, much more impressive in its permanent results. It aimed at the quick and sure development of the west. The west needs settlers more than anything else, and the question is how these settlers are to be brought here. Certain it is that the army in back of the land movement must be made up largely of city men, of tradesmen, of artisans, perhaps of small professional men. Now these people have the desire to go back to the land already. There is scarcely a man who has lived in the city for five years and become disgusted with soot and deafened with noise and unnerved by the tension of the buys metropolis who does not feel the keen desire to get out of the smoke and bustle and get back to nature.

San Diego Evening Tribune, September 30, 1914. Greatest Novelty World Offers to Be Found Here January 1, 1915

The most novel, picturesque and education exposition ever erected, the Panama-California exposition at San Diego, will be opened to the world just three months hence, January 1, 1915. On this day occurs the formal opening of the Panama Canal, the completion of which is to be celebrated by the two expositions at San Francisco and San Diego. No other event has been marked by two celebrations of this sort, and no other event has been of such prime importance to the country which is celebrating. The striking feature of the expositions is that they are celebrations not alone of something which is completed and gone on, but rather of something which is ahead: they might be considered as heralding the mightier growth of the west through presenting to the world the opportunities the west offers.

Europe today is plunged in the greatest war of all time, and in 1915 will not receive the 500,000 American tourists who have gone there each year. Since these tourists cannot go to Europe, they are coming, beyond a doubt, to the west coast, and here they will see sights besides which those of Europe, and Asia, and Africa amount to little. No other country in the world has the majestic harmony of sea and canyons and mountains and forests and valleys beneath the clear blue sky of the American west.

It is more than a scenic tour. It is a voyage of discovery for the men of the east who know nothing of the opportunity that is awaiting them on the coast. They know vaguely that the canal will bring the west coast much nearer the older cities of the east and across the Atlantic. They do not realize that the hinterland of the west coast is going to be opened up to industry and commerce for the reason that the railroads from the coast will carry traffic from the east over the mountains, and from the back country out to the coast and back to the east again.

The great service of the expositions will be to bring people through the west country. It will be to show them what the west country offers in the way of agricultural development. That is the prime reason for the emphasis which the San Diego exposition is laying upon the agricultural features --- the most important agricultural exhibit which has ever been held. Visitors to the world's favors of former years saw farming machinery standing idle in a great hall of machinery, and paid little attention to it because they could not understand it fully. At San Diego they will see this machinery, but it will be at work in a tract sown to various grains, moving up and down the rows, performing just the same services it is supposed to perform on the great farms of the west. Of such an exhibit they will have an understanding. They will look long and they will remain long. And these visitors to whom the operating of an 80 or 160-acre farm can mean little, will also see the model intensive farm down the Alameda, where on five acres of land is grown as much as on four or five times as much space under old conditions. The effort is to show that new ideas have come about, and that today, by scientific methods, the farmer can support himself and his family easily, and lay aside a considerable surplus annually from one of these small tracts.

It is a lesson of tremendous importance to the city man who has had little success and wants to leave the city, but does not know how to get back to the land. Mighty things have been done in the west in recent years, but there are still mightier things to be done, because the resources of the great west are hardly tapped as yet.

Similar in spirit as showing old things in new form is the display of the southern counties, whose citrus orchard lies along the Alameda, directly across from the model intensive farm. Instead of seeing a great stack of oranges and lemons and grapefruit, the visitor will see the citrus fruit growing on the trees. He will be able to smell the fragrance of the blooms. He will discover that the orange really grows on a tree instead of growing in the crate in which he has always seen it in the fruit displays back east.

Adjoining this citrus orchard is the tea plantation, which has been brought to San Diego from Ceylon.. The 200 tea plants are in charge of a Singalese nurserymen, and throughout 1915 the natives will cultivate the trees and strip from them the commercial tea leaves, turning them over to the girls who will cure them and prepare them for serving to visitors in the pavilion at the center of the plantation. The progress made in two months during which they have been growing in San Diego, indicates that Sir Thomas Lipton's experiment has been successful and that tea of good commercial value can be grown in the southwest. There are distinct possibilities for a great American industry in the future.

San Diego Evening Tribune, September 30, 1914. Atmosphere of Old Spain Envelops Visitors in Grounds of 1915 Fair.

The Spanish atmosphere at the Panama-California exposition is so striking that it cannot possibly be missed. Every building on the grounds is Spanish-Colonial, even the great Puente Cabrillo, which forms the west entrance, looks as though it has been transported from some ancient Spanish city. Even the large gardens and quiet patios are Spanish. The gardeners (?) and attendants are caballeros and conquistadors, the dancing girls are Spanish, the carnivals and other special events of 1915 are made up from the carnivals of Spanish-America of the old days. It needs little imagination to think that in walking through the gates of the exposition one has left behind him the turmoil and rush of a modern American city, and has stepped back three or four centuries into a city of Old Spain.

There is a wealth of romance in history of that sort and once we study the history of Southern California, we see that the finest traditions, the rarest poetry and beauty are in recollections of the old Spanish civilization. It was the realization of that beauty, almost forgotten, which impelled the San Diego Exposition to choose a certain beautiful and harmonious type for its buildings, not the old conventional Greek and Roman temples such as expositions of the past had built, but quaint Spanish missions and cathedrals and palaces in perfect accord with the gorgeous beauty of the mighty landscape one sees from the mesa where the Exposition Beautiful stands. There are no forbidding walls, nor entrances so vast as to overwhelm the visitor, but a calm sweet beauty which spreads over all, everything purely Spanish and purely delightful.

You walk or ride up the slope from the waterfront, burst through the border of trees along Balboa park, and come out at the end of a quarter-mile bridge whose seven white arches rise from a pool 135-feet below in the canyon. High up among the piers rises the slim Italian cypresses, so tall and graceful that they accentuate the height of the great Puente Cabrillo. A little distance from the bridge begins the jungle of palm and eucalyptus and acacia, a gorgeous color scheme of green with occasional flashes of brilliant crimson and the gold of the Spanish broom and the California poppy. You walk the length of the bridge, passing a trellis of roses and come to a somber memorial arch, whose cartouche has been chipped and worn so that it looks as though it might have stood there for centuries. You pass through the arch and, as though some magic wand had been waved, you leave behind the hum and rush and roar of a twentieth-century tidewater city and find yourself back in a city of Old Spain of two or three or four hundred years ago.

At one side, rising from a succession of broad stone steps stands a gorgeous old Spanish cathedral, with a wondrously intricate frontispiece, with a great tiled dome of curious design, and a lofty tower. Across the little plaza, connected on both sides by a tiled cloister, is a quiet mission of the California type with plain Spanish arches, with rough-hewn beams forming its ceiling, and projecting from the adobe walls, within it a little shrine, such as those in all the old missions along El Camino Real. You pass slowly from the Plaza and swing into the Prado, lined with acacia, with verdant lawn, and with a low ledge of poinsettia, gladiolas, and other blooming flowers, and then within the long cloister which on both sides of the Prado runs from the west gate through to the east. There are portals opening from the cloister and leading into cool patios which are in strong contrast to the bright sun of the Prado. The patios are filled with a gorgeous collection of California's finest trees and shrubs and blooming plants, with bright flowering vines clambering up the sides of the white walls, up to the belfries whose mission bells swing, up to the high domes and the quaint towers which look down into the shadows. Almost hidden by drooping shrubs is an occasional softly-murmuring fountain.

About the walls of the buildings nests a horde of pigeons, swooping down occasionally after grain tossed out to them by the gardeners. Broad lawns with vine-covered pergolas stretch down beyond the patios and out to the edge of the canyon, looking down to the sea a mile away, down to the strand of Coronado and Fort Rosecrans and out to the distant lands, half-hidden in the mist. Or one can look up the valleys across orchards of olive, orange and grape, or to the foothills of the snow-capped Sierras, or to the lower hills of old Mexico, scarcely twenty miles away.

This is the situation as it is. The atmosphere of an old Spanish city, such a city perhaps as Cabrillo and his bearded sailors dreamed of as they stood on the same site nearly 400 years ago and looked off toward the sea and looked forward many years to the futile hope of New Spain's glories.

The Spanish atmosphere has been carried out to the finest detail. The guards and attendants of the Exposition will be garbed as caballeros and conquistadors, and the dancing girls, who will move to the hum of the guitar and the click of the castanets, will be Spanish dancing girls in the bright costumes of Old Spain, in the dances which have been performed for hundreds of years in the plazas of Castile. It is all very quaint and very romantic and very beautiful. Down the Prado stretch the buildings, some of cathedral design, some of the old mission, some of the palace, and one or two bear a particularly strong touch of Moorish influence, but all are uniformly and quaintly Spanish.

Here then is the new type of exposition architecture, not altogether new, for it is rather a renaissance of the beautiful architecture which received such a glorious start in Mexico and Southern California, but new rather as used in exposition work. And just as novelty has been introduced in that, so has it been introduced in the style of exhibits and in the general purpose of the Exposition.

San Diego Evening Tribune, September 30, 1914. Santa Fe Holds Indian Exhibit; Great Concession Costing $100,000 Head List of Entertainment Features.

No exposition is complete without is amusement concessions. At San Diego there is a great street 2500 feet long, having a frontage, consequently of nearly one mile, which today is practically entirely allotted. Applications from several hundred feet of space have been rejected because the managers of the exposition felt the attractions offered were old and were not worthy of an exposition which claims to have created new types in every department. The result is a street which San Diego fully believes to be the best amusement street which has been built. Several concessions are already operating.

Just within the north gate at San Diego at the head of the Isthmus lies the "Painted Desert" of the Santa Fe Railway, the most important Indian exhibit which has ever been staged. Starting out with an estimated cost of $100,000, it is now likely the expenditure by the Santa Fe will considerably exceed that amount. The "Desert" is divided by a mesa running north and south. High in the rock, which covers this mesa, on the west slope are the habitations of the cliff dwellers. In the cactus-filled sands below them rise the habitations of the Navajos and other wandering tribes, with here and there a "hogan" or log house of the Navajos, set up and housing its red inhabitants. A shallow arroyo runs through this little village. On the east slope of the mesa is a great pueblo modeled after the ancient one at Taos. In that same section is a Zuni pueblo, and nearby lies a Hopi pueblo, with a row of small adobe houses of the Rio Grande tribesmen filling in the far side. The interior of the adobe houses is like that of the Governor's Palace at Santa Fe. There are trading posts, and corrals for horses and for sheep and goats and cattle. Almost in the center are two "kivas," one of the ancient variety entirely underground; the other of later date, in which the roof of the "kiva" is a few feet above the ground surface. There are outcroppings of rock through the sand and the rock is uniformly a close copy of the red sandstone with the occasional lurid colors which appear in the real Painted Desert of Arizona. The cactus and much of the rock and the cedar posts have been brought from New Mexico and Arizona.

A dozen or two of the red men have been at San Diego for two or three months building the pueblos and the adobe houses, and making sure that in the smallest details the vivid resemblance to real southwest Indian life is carried out.

On the desert all through the year, the red men will b